What instruction should the nurse include on weight gain during pregnancy?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A: "Failure to obtain the required weight gain during pregnancy will increase the risk of preterm birth." This instruction is crucial because adequate weight gain during pregnancy is essential for the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. Option B is incorrect because an obese client does not need to gain as much weight as a client with a normal body mass index. The weight gain recommendations vary based on pre-pregnancy BMI, with obese individuals advised to gain less weight to prevent complications. Option C is incorrect as it states that a client with a normal BMI should gain 50 pounds, which is not accurate. The recommended weight gain during pregnancy for women with a normal BMI is between 25-35 pounds. Option D is incorrect as the concept of "eating for two" is a common misconception. Pregnant women do not need to double their caloric intake; instead, they should focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods to meet the increased nutritional needs of pregnancy. Educationally, it is essential to emphasize the importance of appropriate weight gain during pregnancy to reduce the risk of complications such as preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and high blood pressure. Healthcare providers should provide individualized guidance based on the woman's pre-pregnancy BMI to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Oatmeal pancakes with peanut butter. This option is the best choice for a vegan adolescent looking to combine protein in their breakfast. Oatmeal provides complex carbohydrates for sustained energy, while peanut butter offers a good source of plant-based protein. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Bagel with cream cheese - Cream cheese is a dairy product, not suitable for vegans, and while the bagel provides carbohydrates, it lacks a significant protein source. B) Wheat toast with jelly - While wheat toast provides some carbohydrates, jelly is primarily sugar and lacks protein, which is essential for a balanced meal. D) Eggs with tofu bacon - This option includes animal products (eggs) and tofu bacon, which may not be suitable for a vegan adolescent. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals, including nurses, to have a good understanding of nutrition, especially when catering to specific dietary needs like veganism. By recommending suitable food choices, nurses can support the overall health and well-being of their patients, promoting healthy eating habits and meeting nutritional requirements. This rationale highlights the importance of considering protein sources in vegan diets and making informed choices to support optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of hyperemesis gravidarum, which is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, assessing the effectiveness of treatment is crucial for the well-being of both the mother and the fetus. Option B, "The client ate 80% of their breakfast tray," indicates effective treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum because improved oral intake signifies a decrease in nausea and vomiting, leading to better nutrition and hydration for the client and the baby. This assessment finding shows that the client is able to tolerate food and retain it, which is a positive sign of treatment efficacy. Option A, "The client's glucose is within the normal range," is not directly related to the treatment effectiveness of hyperemesis gravidarum. While monitoring glucose levels is important in pregnancy, it does not specifically indicate improvement in the condition. Option C, "There is no protein in the client's urine," is more related to conditions like preeclampsia rather than hyperemesis gravidarum. The absence of protein in the urine is a good sign but does not directly reflect the effectiveness of treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum. Option D, "The client's blood pressure is 145/75 mmHg," is also not a direct indicator of effective treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum. Blood pressure monitoring is essential in pregnancy, but this specific reading does not provide information on the status of hyperemesis gravidarum treatment. Educationally, understanding the assessment findings that indicate treatment effectiveness in hyperemesis gravidarum is vital for nurses and healthcare providers caring for pregnant women. Recognizing these key indicators can help in monitoring and adjusting treatment plans to ensure the best outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this case, the correct answer is D) Vitamin E. Macular degeneration is a condition that affects the central part of the retina, known as the macula, leading to loss of central vision. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells in the eyes from damage caused by unstable molecules called free radicals. Research suggests that consuming adequate amounts of vitamin E can reduce the risk of developing macular degeneration. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: A) Vitamin A is essential for good vision, but it is more associated with night vision and the health of the cornea rather than macular degeneration. B) Vitamin B12 is important for nerve function and red blood cell production, but it is not directly linked to macular degeneration. C) Vitamin C is an antioxidant that plays a role in eye health and can help prevent cataracts, but it is not specifically known to reduce the risk of macular degeneration. In an educational context, understanding the role of vitamins in eye health is crucial for nurses, especially when caring for patients at risk for macular degeneration. Educating patients about the importance of a balanced diet rich in vitamins, like vitamin E, can help prevent or slow down the progression of this debilitating eye condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pharmacology and nutrition education, understanding sources of essential nutrients like iron is crucial. In this case, the best source of heme iron, which is more readily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron, is beef liver (option C). Beef liver contains a high concentration of heme iron, making it an excellent choice for individuals looking to increase their iron intake efficiently. Spinach (option A) and lentils (option B) contain non-heme iron, which is not as easily absorbed by the body as heme iron. Tofu (option D) is also a source of non-heme iron. Educationally, it is important for nurses to teach clients about the differences between heme and non-heme iron sources to help them make informed dietary choices. By understanding which foods provide the most bioavailable forms of nutrients, individuals can optimize their nutritional intake to support overall health and well-being.