What instruction should the nurse give a client with glaucoma?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Avoid heavy lifting. This instruction is important for a client with glaucoma because heavy lifting can increase intraocular pressure, which can worsen the condition. Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to damage of the optic nerve and vision loss. Therefore, advising the client to avoid heavy lifting helps in preventing further elevation of intraocular pressure and protects the optic nerve from damage. Option A) Avoid going outdoors in the daylight is incorrect because exposure to daylight does not directly impact intraocular pressure in glaucoma. In fact, moderate exposure to natural light is beneficial for overall well-being. Option B) Avoid getting up too quickly is irrelevant to glaucoma management. While it is important for other conditions like orthostatic hypotension, it does not directly impact glaucoma. Option D) Using cough syrups containing atropine is contraindicated in glaucoma because atropine can dilate the pupil and worsen intraocular pressure. It is crucial for clients with glaucoma to avoid medications containing atropine to prevent exacerbation of their condition. In an educational context, it is vital for nurses to have a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and the implications of various activities and medications on intraocular pressure. Providing accurate and clear instructions to clients with glaucoma can help in managing their condition effectively and preventing complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In Ménière’s disease, the inner ear's fluid balance is disrupted, leading to symptoms like vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. The correct answer, D) Cough syrups and other CNS depressants, is contraindicated because these substances can worsen symptoms by further affecting the central nervous system and balance mechanisms in the inner ear. Alcohol (option A) is also a CNS depressant and can exacerbate symptoms of vertigo and imbalance in Ménière’s disease. Smoking (option B) can constrict blood vessels and reduce oxygen supply to the inner ear, potentially worsening symptoms. A high-protein diet (option C) is not directly contraindicated for Ménière’s disease treatment unless there are comorbid conditions that require dietary restrictions. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the impact of medications and substances on conditions like Ménière’s disease to provide optimal care for their patients. Avoiding CNS depressants is essential to managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for individuals with this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this case, the correct answer is D) All of the above. Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves are unable to travel efficiently through the outer or middle ear. Earwax buildup (A) can block the ear canal and impede sound conduction. Eardrum perforation (B) can disrupt the normal transmission of sound waves from the outer to the middle ear. Middle ear effusion (C), commonly known as fluid in the middle ear, can also interfere with sound conduction. Earwax buildup, eardrum perforation, and middle ear effusion are all common causes of conductive hearing loss, impacting the normal transmission of sound waves through the ear. Understanding these causes is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working in audiology or otolaryngology, as they play a vital role in diagnosing and treating individuals with hearing impairments. By identifying and addressing these issues, healthcare providers can help improve the quality of life for individuals experiencing conductive hearing loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amblyopia, also known as lazy eye, is a common vision disorder in children where one eye has weaker vision than the other. The most common cause of amblyopia is strabismus, which is misalignment of the eyes. When the eyes are not aligned properly, the brain may start ignoring the image from the misaligned eye, leading to amblyopia. Cataracts (option B) are a clouding of the lens of the eye and can cause vision problems, but they do not directly lead to amblyopia. Astigmatism (option C) is a refractive error that causes blurred vision but is not a direct cause of amblyopia. Glaucoma (option D) is a condition of increased pressure within the eye that can damage the optic nerve, but it does not typically cause amblyopia. In an educational context, understanding the common causes of amblyopia is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working with pediatric patients. Recognizing and addressing conditions like strabismus early can help prevent or treat amblyopia effectively, emphasizing the importance of timely vision screenings and interventions in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In treating herpes zoster ophthalmicus, antiviral medications play a crucial role by reducing viral replication. This is the correct answer (A) because antiviral drugs target the herpes zoster virus, inhibiting its ability to replicate and spread, thus helping to control the infection and reduce symptoms. Option B, preventing bacterial infection, is incorrect as antiviral medications specifically target viruses, not bacteria. Option C, correcting vision, is also incorrect as the primary goal of antiviral medications in this context is to treat the viral infection rather than directly addressing vision issues. From an educational standpoint, understanding the role of antiviral medications in herpes zoster ophthalmicus is essential for healthcare professionals as it guides appropriate treatment strategies and helps prevent complications associated with the infection. It underscores the importance of targeted therapy in managing viral infections to improve patient outcomes and minimize the risk of long-term complications.