What instruction should be given to a client scheduled for a gallbladder series test?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client scheduled for a gallbladder series test is not to eat or drink until the test is complete. This is because the test requires fasting to ensure clear visualization of the gallbladder and surrounding structures. Eating or drinking could interfere with the results by causing gallbladder contraction or obscuring the images. A) Instructing the client to remain on a low-residue diet is not necessary for this specific test and may not provide the required fasting. B) Taking a laxative or cleansing enemas is not typically required for a gallbladder series test and can be unnecessary and may even be harmful.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Colostomy. A colostomy is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen to form a stoma. This procedure is typically done to divert stool in cases of colorectal diseases or surgeries. A: Continent ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because a continent ileostomy involves creating a pouch inside the body to collect waste, rather than bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen. C: Ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because an ileostomy involves bringing the end of the small intestine out to the abdomen to create a stoma, not a section of the large intestine. D: Ileoanal reservoir - This choice is incorrect as it refers to a surgical procedure where the colon and rectum are removed, and a pouch is created from the small intestine to restore bowel function, not to create a stoma in the large bowel.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because an alteration in ingestion, absorption, or metabolism can lead to secondary protein-calorie malnutrition. This can occur due to various medical conditions affecting the digestive system, such as malabsorption syndromes or metabolic disorders. The other choices are incorrect because the primary cause of secondary protein-calorie malnutrition in the US is not the unavailability of high-protein foods, lack of knowledge about nutritional needs, or lack of money to purchase such foods. These factors may contribute to malnutrition but are not the most common cause in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lipectomy. This procedure involves the removal of excess fat tissue, which can help the patient achieve weight loss. In contrast, options C and D are bariatric surgeries, which are not solely focused on fat removal and may not be suitable for this patient given her age and medical history. Option A, a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive surgery, may pose higher risks for complications in a severely obese patient with diabetes. Lipectomy is a more targeted and less invasive approach to weight loss, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acute gastritis. This type of gastritis is most likely to occur in a college student after an isolated drinking binge due to the irritation caused by excessive alcohol consumption on the stomach lining. The rapid onset of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain align with acute gastritis. Chronic gastritis (B) develops over time with prolonged irritation, not from a one-time binge. Helicobacter pylori gastritis (C) is typically associated with a bacterial infection rather than alcohol consumption. Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (D) is a chronic condition associated with autoimmune reactions, not acute alcohol-induced irritation as seen in this scenario.