What information will the nurse include in teaching a female patient who has peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy of the feet and legs?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Select flat-soled leather shoes. This choice is important for a patient with peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy as it helps prevent skin breakdown, reduce pressure on the feet, and minimize the risk of injury due to decreased sensation. Flat-soled leather shoes provide good support and protection. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: B: Apply heating pads on a low temperature - This can be dangerous for a patient with sensory neuropathy as they may not be able to feel if the heating pad is too hot, leading to burns. C: Avoid using callus remover for corns or calluses - While it is important to avoid injuring the skin, addressing foot care is not as critical as selecting appropriate footwear. D: Refrain from soaking feet in warm water for an hour each day - Prolonged soaking can increase the risk of skin breakdown and infections, so it is important to avoid this practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The hierarchy of authority and responsibility. 1. 'Chain of command' refers to the structure where authority flows downwards and responsibility flows upwards. 2. It establishes the order in which decisions are made and instructions are passed down. 3. It ensures clear communication and accountability within an organization. 4. The other choices are incorrect because B talks about a relationship without authority, C refers to linear authority, and D mentions the tendency of people to perform as expected, which are not related to the concept of chain of command.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Continuous improvement. Total Quality Management (TQM) focuses on constantly improving processes, products, and services to meet or exceed customer expectations. TQM involves all employees in identifying and solving problems, emphasizing continuous learning and innovation. A: Top-down management is incorrect because TQM encourages involvement and empowerment of employees at all levels, not just top management. B: Employee-centered approach is incorrect because while TQM values employees and their contributions, it is primarily focused on improving overall quality and processes, not solely centered on employees. D: Quality control is incorrect because TQM goes beyond traditional quality control methods to encompass a holistic approach to quality management through continuous improvement efforts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it presents a situation where a nurse must navigate conflicting values, such as respecting patient autonomy while upholding professional ethical standards. By complying with the patient's request, the nurse may compromise ethical principles. A: Choosing between two equally undesirable alternatives is a moral dilemma, not necessarily an ethical dilemma. B: Reporting a colleague's unethical behavior is an ethical obligation, not a dilemma. C: Balancing patient confidentiality with the need to disclose information is an ethical consideration, but it does not inherently present a dilemma as it can be managed through established guidelines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Balance. This unit manager is displaying the leadership trait of balance by recognizing the importance of taking time off after working hard to improve the unit's performance. This demonstrates an understanding of self-care and the need to maintain a healthy work-life balance. It shows that the manager values personal well-being and is able to prioritize both work responsibilities and personal needs. Choice A: Perseverance is not the best fit here as the situation does not involve overcoming obstacles or persisting through challenges. Choice C: Generosity is not relevant to the scenario as there is no indication of the manager being generous. Choice D: Ability to handle stress is also not the most appropriate choice as the scenario does not directly involve stress management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of a root cause analysis (RCA) in healthcare is to prevent future errors by identifying underlying causes. This is because RCA focuses on understanding the fundamental reasons behind incidents to implement effective preventive measures. By identifying root causes, healthcare providers can implement strategies to mitigate risks and enhance patient safety. The other choices are incorrect because RCA is not about assigning blame (A), improving patient satisfaction (C), or analyzing financial impact (D), but rather about understanding and addressing the core issues to prevent recurrence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a sentinel event is a serious, unexpected occurrence in a healthcare setting that results in death or serious physical or psychological harm to a patient. A patient suicide while in a healthcare facility meets this criteria. A is incorrect as a fall with no injury is not a sentinel event. B is incorrect as a medication error resulting in no harm is not a sentinel event. D is incorrect as a near miss incident, although serious, does not result in harm to the patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because delegation involves transferring responsibility for a task while retaining accountability for the outcome. The nurse has delegated specific tasks (AM care) to the UAP, which aligns with the principle that only certain tasks can be delegated. Choice A is incorrect because delegation does not require clearly defined superiors, but rather defined tasks. Choice B is incorrect as delegation can also occur between peers or team members. Choice C is incorrect as delegation is not exclusive to healthcare professionals but is a common practice in various industries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Job enlargement. Job enlargement involves adding more tasks of a similar level of complexity to an existing job role. In this scenario, the manager is given additional responsibilities without a new hire, which expands the scope of their role. This aligns with the concept of job enlargement. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: B: Proactive management typically involves taking preventive actions to address potential issues before they occur. This situation does not involve proactive measures. C: Time log refers to tracking and recording time spent on various tasks, which is not relevant to the scenario described. D: Prioritizing involves determining the order of importance of tasks. While prioritizing may be necessary in this situation, it is not the best fit for the scenario provided.