ATI RN
Cardiovascular Conditions Pediatrics Test Bank Questions Free Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the teaching plan for a client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), including information on minimizing symptoms by wearing loose, comfortable clothing (option C) is crucial because tight clothing can exacerbate GERD symptoms by putting pressure on the abdomen and lower esophageal sphincter. Option A, sleeping without pillows at night to maintain neck alignment, is incorrect for GERD management because elevating the head of the bed is recommended to prevent acid reflux. Option B, adjusting food intake to three full meals per day and no snacks, is incorrect as it goes against the dietary recommendations for GERD, which include having smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding triggers like spicy foods and caffeine. Option D, avoiding participation in any aerobic exercise programs, is also incorrect as regular exercise is beneficial for managing GERD by promoting weight loss and reducing stress. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind lifestyle modifications for GERD is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive patient education and promote optimal management of the condition. By explaining the impact of clothing choices on GERD symptoms, nurses can empower clients to make informed decisions to improve their quality of life.
Question 2 of 5
A client with Cushing's syndrome is recovering from an elective laparoscopic procedure. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of a client with Cushing's syndrome recovering from surgery, the immediate intervention warranted by the nurse is an irregular apical pulse, which is the correct answer (Option A). Cushing's syndrome is characterized by excess cortisol levels, which can lead to cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, fluid retention, and electrolyte imbalances. An irregular apical pulse could indicate cardiac arrhythmias or other cardiovascular issues that require prompt attention to prevent further complications or deterioration. Option B, purple marks on the skin of the abdomen (Cushing's striae), while associated with Cushing's syndrome, are not typically urgent or indicative of immediate complications post-surgery. Option C, a quarter-size blood spot on the dressing, may indicate some bleeding but is not as critical as a cardiac issue in this scenario. Option D, pitting ankle edema, is a common finding in both Cushing's syndrome and postoperative patients due to fluid retention, but it is not as urgent as addressing a potential cardiac problem. Educationally, understanding the specific manifestations of Cushing's syndrome, the postoperative care considerations for this population, and the prioritization of assessments based on potential complications are crucial for nurses caring for these patients. Recognizing the significance of cardiovascular assessments in high-risk patients like those with Cushing's syndrome can help prevent adverse events and promote better outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
Following surgical repair of the bladder, a female client is being discharged from the hospital to home with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide to this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most important instruction for the nurse to provide to the female client being discharged with an indwelling urinary catheter after bladder surgery is option C: Keep the drainage bag lower than the level of the bladder. Rationale: - Keeping the drainage bag lower than the bladder ensures a continuous flow of urine from the bladder to the bag, preventing backflow of urine or infections. - If the drainage bag is positioned above the level of the bladder, urine can flow back into the bladder, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections and compromising the surgical repair. Why the other options are incorrect: - Option A: Avoid coiling the tubing and keep it free of kinks is important but not as critical as preventing backflow of urine. - Option B: Cleansing the perineal area with soap and water twice daily is good hygiene practice but does not directly impact the function of the catheter. - Option D: Drinking 1,000 ml of fluids daily to irrigate the catheter is not necessary as the catheter is designed to drain urine effectively without additional irrigation. Educational context: Understanding proper care of indwelling urinary catheters is crucial for nurses caring for patients post-surgery. Teaching patients correct catheter care helps prevent complications and promotes optimal recovery. By emphasizing the importance of keeping the drainage bag below the level of the bladder, nurses can ensure patient safety and reduce the risk of post-operative infections.
Question 4 of 5
When planning care for a client newly diagnosed with open angle glaucoma, the nurse identifies a priority nursing diagnosis of, 'visual sensory/perceptual alterations.' This diagnosis is based on which etiology?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of a client diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma, the priority nursing diagnosis of "visual sensory/perceptual alterations" is based on the etiology of decreased peripheral vision. This is the correct answer (B) because in open-angle glaucoma, there is a gradual increase in intraocular pressure leading to optic nerve damage. This damage initially affects the peripheral vision before progressing to central vision loss. Therefore, addressing the alteration in peripheral vision is crucial in the care of a client with glaucoma to prevent further visual impairment. Limited eye movement (A) is not the primary etiology for the nursing diagnosis in this case, as glaucoma primarily affects vision due to increased intraocular pressure rather than eye movement restrictions. Blurred distance vision (C) is a common symptom in various eye conditions but is not specific to open-angle glaucoma. Photosensitivity (D) is also not directly related to the etiology of visual sensory alterations in glaucoma. Educationally, understanding the pathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma and its impact on visual function is essential for nurses caring for clients with this condition. Recognizing the priority nursing diagnosis based on the specific etiology of the disease helps in providing targeted and effective care to prevent further vision loss and promote optimal visual health in these clients.
Question 5 of 5
A male client with diabetes mellitus (DM) is transferred from the hospital to a rehabilitation facility following treatment for a stroke with resulting right hemiplegia. He tells the nurse that his feet are always uncomfortably cool at night, preventing him from falling asleep. Which action should the nurse implement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Place warm blankets next to the client's feet. In this scenario, the client with diabetes mellitus experiencing cool feet could be due to poor circulation, a common complication of diabetes. By placing warm blankets next to his feet, the nurse can help improve circulation and provide warmth, which can alleviate the discomfort and help the client fall asleep comfortably. Option A) Providing a warming pad may not be suitable in this situation as it could potentially cause burns or skin damage, especially for a client with decreased sensation due to diabetes. Option B) Medicating the client with a sedative does not address the underlying issue of cool feet and may not be the most appropriate intervention for this specific symptom. Option C) Using a bed cradle to hold the covers off the feet may not effectively address the client's discomfort from cool feet and may not provide the warmth needed to improve circulation. Educational context: Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of conditions such as diabetes mellitus and how they can manifest in symptoms like cool feet is crucial in providing appropriate nursing care. Nurses need to be able to assess and address these symptoms effectively to promote patient comfort and well-being.