What information should the nurse give a mother regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. When introducing solid foods to infants, it is important to introduce one food item at a time, with intervals of 4 to 7 days between each new food. This allows for the identification of any potential food allergies or intolerances. It is important to proceed gradually and monitor for any adverse reactions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the evaluation for primary amenorrhea is a critical aspect of assessing the reproductive health of adolescent girls. The correct answer is D) 16 years. This age is considered appropriate for evaluation as it allows for the consideration of a wider range of normal variations in the onset of menstruation. Option A) 12 years is too early for evaluation as many girls may not have reached menarche by this age, and it is within the normal range of variation. Option B) 13 years is also early for evaluation as the onset of menstruation can vary widely in adolescents. Option C) 14 years is still premature for evaluation as some girls may experience delayed menarche without any underlying pathology. It is important for pediatric nurses to understand the normal developmental variations in adolescents to avoid unnecessary interventions or anxiety for both the patient and their families. By waiting until the age of 16 for evaluation of primary amenorrhea, healthcare providers can ensure a more accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of any underlying conditions. This knowledge is crucial for providing holistic and evidence-based care to adolescent patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 85%. In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand oxygen therapy and how to deliver the appropriate FiO2 to maintain adequate oxygenation. When using a mask to deliver oxygen, the percentage of FiO2 that can be achieved depends on the flow rate, the fit of the mask, and the patient's respiratory pattern. With a well-fitted mask and a high flow rate, it is possible to deliver up to 85% FiO2 to the patient. Option A) 35% is incorrect because this percentage is more commonly associated with oxygen delivered via nasal cannula at low flow rates. Option C) 65% is incorrect as well, as this percentage is typically achieved with an oxygen reservoir mask or a partial rebreather mask, not a regular mask. Option D) 75% is also incorrect as it falls short of the maximum percentage achievable with a mask, which is 85%. Understanding the different oxygen delivery methods and their respective FiO2 percentages is essential for pediatric nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By knowing the capabilities of each delivery system, nurses can ensure that children receive the appropriate oxygen therapy based on their respiratory needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question related to cold water shock resulting from immersion in cold water, option C) hypertension is the correct answer. Cold water shock is a physiological response to sudden immersion in cold water, and hypertension is not a typical component of this response. A) Hypoventilation is a common component of cold water shock as the body responds to the shock of cold water by breathing irregularly or holding breath, leading to decreased oxygen intake. B) Decreased breath-holding ability is another common component, as the shock of cold water can cause a reflexive gasp response, making it difficult to hold breath. D) Ectopics, or irregular heartbeats, can also occur as a result of cold water shock due to the body's stress response to the sudden temperature change. Educationally, understanding the physiological responses to cold water shock is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working in pediatric nursing. By recognizing the typical components of cold water shock, nurses can provide appropriate and timely interventions to pediatric patients who may experience this condition. It is essential for pediatric nurses to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to recognize and respond effectively to cold water emergencies to ensure the safety and well-being of their young patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is crucial for providing safe care to infants. The correct answer is C) breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is NOT a risk factor for SIDS; in fact, it is associated with a reduced risk of SIDS due to the numerous health benefits it provides to infants, including improved immune function and decreased risk of infections. Option A) sleeping on the stomach is a known risk factor for SIDS as it can lead to suffocation or rebreathing of exhaled air. Premature birth, option B), is also a risk factor for SIDS as premature infants may have underdeveloped systems that can affect their ability to regulate breathing. Smoking during pregnancy, option D), exposes the fetus to harmful chemicals that can affect their respiratory and neurological development, increasing the risk of SIDS. Educationally, it is important for nurses to educate parents and caregivers on safe sleep practices to reduce the risk of SIDS. This includes placing infants on their back to sleep, using a firm mattress with no loose bedding, avoiding smoking around the infant, and promoting breastfeeding as a protective factor against SIDS. Understanding these risk factors empowers nurses to advocate for safe practices and support families in providing a safe sleep environment for their infants.