ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
What information can be gained from measuring the serum anionic gap?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B because the serum anionic gap is a valuable tool in diagnosing the cause of metabolic acidosis. By calculating the anion gap (serum sodium - (serum chloride + serum bicarbonate)), clinicians can identify unmeasured anions such as lactate or ketones, which are often elevated in metabolic acidosis. This information helps differentiate between various causes of metabolic acidosis, such as lactic acidosis or ketoacidosis. Summary: A: Incorrect. The serum anionic gap is not typically used to diagnose the cause of metabolic alkalosis. C: Incorrect. The serum anionic gap is not typically used to diagnose the cause of respiratory alkalosis. D: Incorrect. The serum anionic gap is not typically used to diagnose the cause of respiratory acidosis.
Question 2 of 5
If one female has a higher muscle mass than another female of the same age, the first female will also have a lower amount of water in their body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Muscle mass and water content in the body are not directly correlated. 2. Muscle mass is related to physical activity and genetics, while water content is influenced by hydration levels. 3. Therefore, having higher muscle mass does not necessarily mean lower water content. 4. Hence, the statement that the first female will have lower water content is false. Summary: A: Incorrect - Muscle mass and water content are not causally related. C & D: Not applicable - These choices do not provide relevant explanations.
Question 3 of 5
Although transcellular fluids perform functional roles in the body, their collective volume forms a negligible fraction of total body water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because transcellular fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid, play essential functions in the body. However, their overall volume is relatively small compared to other body fluids like intracellular and extracellular fluids. Therefore, while transcellular fluids are important for specific functions, their total volume is indeed a negligible fraction of total body water. Choice B is incorrect because transcellular fluids do have functional roles, as mentioned earlier. Choices C and D are not applicable (NA) as they do not provide any relevant information to the question.
Question 4 of 5
The most important reason for tight regulation of ECF osmolarity is to ensure that blood pressure is maintained at an appropriate level.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Regulation of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolarity is primarily to maintain cell function and prevent osmotic imbalances, not specifically for blood pressure regulation. Osmotic balance is crucial for cellular processes like nutrient exchange and waste removal. Tight regulation prevents cell shrinkage or swelling. Blood pressure is more directly controlled by mechanisms like vascular resistance and cardiac output. Other choices are irrelevant as they are not applicable to the question.
Question 5 of 5
The amount of sodium reabsorbed by the kidneys depends on the baroreceptor reflex and adjustments to glomerular
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Sodium reabsorption in the kidneys is primarily regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and not the baroreceptor reflex. The baroreceptor reflex primarily regulates blood pressure through changes in heart rate and vascular tone. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide accurate explanations related to the regulation of sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.