ATI RN
Disorders of the Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 4
What indicates to the nurse that a patient with oliguria has prerenal oliguria?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because prerenal oliguria is typically characterized by a low specific gravity in urine testing. This indicates that the kidneys are conserving water due to decreased blood flow or volume. Choices B and C are incorrect as they do not specifically relate to prerenal oliguria. Choice D is also incorrect as reversal of oliguria with fluid replacement is not specific to prerenal oliguria and can occur in other types of renal failure.
Question 2 of 4
Which of the following would be examples of foods selected to lower the pH of urine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apples. Apples are acidic in nature, which can help lower the pH of urine. Consuming acidic foods can make the urine more acidic. Milk is alkaline, so it would raise the pH of urine. Tea can vary in acidity, but generally it is not chosen to lower urine pH. Meat is also not acidic and would not contribute to lowering urine pH. So, apples are the most suitable choice for lowering urine pH among the options provided.
Question 3 of 4
Your patient does not seem to be responding to conservative treatment for acute renal failure, and dialysis is being considered. You understand that the main indication for dialysis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: a high and rising level of potassium. Dialysis is indicated in acute renal failure when the patient has severe electrolyte imbalances, especially hyperkalemia, which can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. Potassium levels must be closely monitored, and if they are high and continue to rise despite conservative treatment, dialysis is necessary to quickly lower the potassium levels. Generalized edema (A) is a symptom of renal failure but is not the main indication for dialysis. Elevated blood pressure (B) and elevated blood calcium (C) are not direct indications for dialysis in the context of acute renal failure.
Question 4 of 4
Carol Carson was taught self breast examination (SBE) during her last hospitalization and tells you that she has been doing the examination every month without difficulty. Which statement by Mrs. Carson would indicate to you that she does NOT have a complete understanding of the self breast examination technique?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mrs. Carson's statement indicates a lack of understanding because she mentions beginning the examination by inspecting her breasts with hands at her side. The correct technique for self breast examination (SBE) involves inspecting the breasts visually in front of a mirror with hands on hips or raised above the head. This position allows for better visualization and palpation of the breast tissue. Starting the examination with hands at the sides may result in missing important areas for inspection. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they all align with proper SBE techniques such as timing the examination, using fingertips to examine all breast tissues, and focusing on specific areas like the upper, outer quadrants, and underarms.