What indicates respiratory distress in a patient with COPD?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The increase in respiratory rate indicates respiratory distress and a need for rapid interventions such as administration of O2 or medications. The other findings are common chronic changes occurring in patients with COPD.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Paradoxical chest movement indicates that the patient may have flail chest, which can severely compromise gas exchange and can rapidly lead to hypoxemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Fungal infections are not transmitted from person to person. Therefore no isolation procedures are necessary. The other actions by the new nurse are appropriate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bronchodilators are administered before chest physiotherapy. Postural drainage, percussion, and vibration should be done 1 hour before or 3 hours after meals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hemoptysis may indicate life-threatening hemorrhage, and should be reported immediately to the health care provider. The other findings are frequently noted in patients with bronchiectasis and may need further assessment but are not indicators of life-threatening complications.