ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What hormone stimulates testosterone secretion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary stimulates Leydig cells in testes to secrete testosterone, driving male reproduction. Progesterone, a female hormone, doesn't trigger this. FSH targets seminiferous tubules for spermatogenesis, not testosterone directly. ACTH stimulates adrenal cortisol, not gonadal testosterone. LH's specific gonadotropin role distinguishes it, essential for androgen production, unlike other hormones' functions.
Question 2 of 5
Target cells for steroid hormones contain receptor proteins in their:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Steroid hormones (e.g., cortisol), lipid-soluble, cross cell membranes to bind receptor proteins in the nucleus, altering gene expression. Cell membrane receptors suit peptide hormones (e.g., insulin). Nuclear membrane or nucleoplasm lack specific steroid receptors nucleus houses them broadly. Nuclear binding drives steroids' slow, genomic effects, distinguishing them, critical for their regulatory role, unlike membrane-based signaling.
Question 3 of 5
A client's blood test reveals elevated levels of prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In discussing these results with the client, the nurse should explain that both of these substances:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are both secreted by the anterior pituitary gland prolactin from lactotrophs stimulates milk production, while TSH from thyrotrophs triggers thyroid hormone release for metabolism. Only TSH directly stimulates thyroid function; prolactin targets mammary glands, not thyroid. Milk production involves prolactin, but TSH regulates metabolism, not lactation. Bone growth is influenced by growth hormone (GH), not these two. Their common anterior pituitary origin defines their production site, distinguishing it from functional overlap or unrelated roles, key to understanding pituitary endocrine control.
Question 4 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus asks the nurse how insulin injections help to control this disease. The nurse's best response is that the hormone insulin acts to lower blood glucose by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin, from pancreatic beta cells, lowers blood glucose by transporting glucose into cells (via GLUT4 receptors), promoting storage as glycogen and fat. Glycogenolysis (glucose from glycogen) and gluconeogenesis (new glucose synthesis) raise glucose, glucagon's actions. Liver glucose release counters insulin insulin inhibits it. Glucose uptake distinguishes insulin's role, key to diabetes management, restoring cellular access lost in type I or resisted in type II, unlike glucose-mobilizing processes.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), from the posterior pituitary, regulates fluid/electrolyte balance by increasing kidney water reabsorption, concentrating urine. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH) governs reproduction neither directly manage fluids/electrolytes. 'All' is incorrect. ADH's role distinguishes it, vital for osmoregulation, contrasting with stress or reproductive hormones.