What helps relieve back labor pain?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Direct sacral pressure is the correct answer because it specifically targets the pain associated with back labor. Back labor pain is caused by the baby pressing against the mother's spine during labor, resulting in intense lower back pain. By applying direct pressure to the sacrum, which is the triangular bone located at the base of the spine, the pressure from the baby can be relieved, thereby reducing the pain experienced by the mother. Breathing techniques, while helpful for managing pain during labor, may not specifically target the back pain experienced during back labor. Analgesics, such as pain medication, can help manage overall labor pain but may not specifically alleviate the back pain associated with back labor. Hydrotherapy, which involves using water for pain relief during labor, can help with overall pain management but may not directly target the back pain associated with back labor. In conclusion, direct sacral pressure is the most effective option for relieving back labor pain as it directly addresses the source of the pain. Breathing techniques, analgesics, and hydrotherapy may help manage pain during labor but may not specifically target the intense back pain experienced during back labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: If a client reports seeing blood-tinged mucus, the nurse's first priority should be to acknowledge the client's concerns (choice B). This is important because it shows empathy and validates the client's feelings, which can help establish trust and rapport. It also allows the nurse to gather more information from the client about the situation, such as how long it has been happening and if there are any other symptoms present. Assessing for a urinary tract infection (choice A) may be necessary at some point, but it is not the first step. The client's emotional well-being and concerns should be addressed before moving on to a physical assessment. Explaining that it is normal (choice C) may not be accurate and could potentially cause the client further distress. It is important for the nurse to gather more information and assess the situation before making any assumptions. Clarifying that it is not actual bleeding (choice D) may also be necessary, but it should not be the first action taken. The client's concerns should be acknowledged and addressed before providing any information or reassurance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct sequence of cardinal moves of labor is internal rotation, extension, external rotation (Choice A). First, internal rotation is when the baby's head rotates to face the mother's back in order to navigate through the pelvis more easily. This is followed by extension, where the baby's head is able to pass under the pubic bone. Finally, external rotation occurs as the baby's head rotates back to its original position to facilitate delivery. Choice B (Descent, extension, external rotation) is incorrect because descent is not one of the cardinal moves of labor. Descent refers to the movement of the baby's head through the birth canal, but it is not a specific cardinal move in the sequence. Choice C (Flexion, internal rotation, extension) is incorrect because flexion, or the baby tucking their chin to their chest, is not one of the cardinal moves of labor. While flexion can occur during labor, it is not part of the specific sequence of cardinal moves. Choice D (Internal rotation, external rotation, expulsion) is incorrect because it skips the crucial step of extension, which is necessary for the baby to pass through the birth canal. Without extension, the baby's head cannot navigate under the pubic bone for delivery. In conclusion, the correct sequence of cardinal moves of labor is internal rotation, extension, external rotation, making Choice A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flexed. When a fetus is in a flexed position, it means that the head is bent towards the chest, which is also known as the chin-on-chest position. This position is considered the optimal fetal attitude for vaginal delivery as it allows for easier passage through the birth canal. Choice A: Extended is incorrect because an extended fetal attitude refers to the head being in a position where it is tilted back, away from the chest. This position can make it more difficult for the baby to pass through the birth canal during delivery. Choice B: Neutral is incorrect because a neutral fetal attitude indicates that the baby's head is in a straight, neutral position with neither flexion nor extension. This position is less common and may not be ideal for vaginal delivery. Choice D: Variable is incorrect because a variable fetal attitude means that the baby's head can be in various positions, including flexed, extended, or neutral. This position can make it difficult to predict the optimal position for delivery and may increase the risk of complications during childbirth. In summary, the correct answer is C: Flexed because it represents the chin-on-chest position, which is the ideal fetal attitude for vaginal delivery. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the specific position of the fetus's head in relation to the chest during childbirth.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a single footling breech position, one leg is extended through the cervix and vagina while the other leg is flexed at the hip and knee. This position is considered more dangerous than a frank breech because the extended leg can easily become trapped during delivery, leading to complications such as umbilical cord prolapse or head entrapment. In a double footling breech position, both legs are extended through the cervix and vagina, making it even more risky than a single footling breech. This position increases the likelihood of cord prolapse and head entrapment, making it a high-risk presentation that often requires a cesarean section for delivery. A frank breech position is when both legs are flexed at the hips and knees, with the feet near the baby's head. This position is considered the safest type of breech presentation for vaginal delivery as the baby's buttocks present first, reducing the risk of cord prolapse and head entrapment. Therefore, the correct answer is A: single footling breech position because it describes a breech presentation where one leg is extended through the cervix and vagina, posing a higher risk during delivery compared to a frank breech position.