What happens if a bipolar patient suddenly discontinues lithium?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because abruptly stopping lithium in bipolar patients can lead to a rapid recurrence of manic or hypomanic symptoms due to destabilization of mood regulation. This is known as rebound mania. Choice B is incorrect because discontinuing lithium can have significant effects. Choice C is incorrect as discontinuation may not necessarily lead to severe depression. Choice D is incorrect as lithium discontinuation is not associated with the development of schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because passive aggression, splitting, projection, and denial are examples of immature defense mechanisms. Immature defenses are characterized by an inability to cope effectively with stress or conflict, often leading to maladaptive behaviors. Choice B includes altruism, sublimation, suppression, and humor, which are actually considered mature defense mechanisms, as they involve healthier ways of managing emotions and stress. Choice C lists repression, displacement, reaction formation, and rationalization, which are categorized as neurotic defense mechanisms, falling between mature and immature defenses. Choice D combines avoidance, denial, repression, and projection, which are also examples of immature defense mechanisms, but it does not include passive aggression and splitting, which are key indicators of immature defenses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because denial is a defense mechanism where individuals refuse to acknowledge the existence of unpleasant realities to protect themselves from anxiety or distress. Denial involves ignoring or minimizing the significance of a situation or emotion. Choice A is incorrect as it describes altruism, not denial. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to sublimation, not denial. Choice C is incorrect as it is a generalization and does not capture the essence of denial as specifically avoiding or rejecting disturbing feelings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Peplau's theory is the Interpersonal Theory of Nursing, as she emphasized the importance of the nurse-patient relationship in the healing process. This theory focuses on the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient to facilitate growth and healing. Peplau believed that understanding the patient's feelings and behaviors is crucial in providing effective care. Choice B, Psychoanalytic theory, is incorrect because it is a psychological theory developed by Freud, focusing on unconscious motives and childhood experiences. Choice C, Behavioral theory, is incorrect as it emphasizes observable behaviors and conditioning. Choice D, Cognitive theory, is incorrect as it focuses on mental processes such as thinking and problem-solving. Peplau's theory stands out for its emphasis on interpersonal relationships in nursing care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because aged cheese and cured meats are high in tyramine due to the fermentation and aging process. Tyramine forms as proteins break down over time. Fresh fruits and vegetables (choice B) do not contain significant levels of tyramine. Whole grains and legumes (choice C) are also low in tyramine. Dairy products and eggs (choice D) do not typically contain high levels of tyramine. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer based on the foods known to be high in tyramine.