What equation defines safety performance?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because safety performance is influenced by the interaction of Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity. Ability represents the skills and knowledge to perform safely, Motivation reflects the willingness and drive to prioritize safety, and Opportunity refers to the resources and support available to maintain a safe environment. Multiplying these factors signifies their combined effect on safety performance. Option B (Ability + Motivation + Opportunity) is incorrect as it implies a simple addition of factors, which does not capture the interconnected nature of these components. Option C (Skill + Knowledge + Ability) is incorrect as it fails to include Motivation and Opportunity, which are crucial aspects of safety performance. Option D (Skill x Knowledge x Ability) is incorrect as it focuses solely on individual attributes rather than considering the dynamic interplay of Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: developing explicit and enacted policies on safety. Senior management plays a crucial role in shaping the safety climate of an organization. By developing clear and comprehensive safety policies, they set the tone for safe practices throughout the organization. These policies provide guidelines for employees to follow, demonstrate the organization's commitment to safety, and create a framework for addressing safety concerns. Monitoring personal protective equipment (A) is important but is more of an operational task. Praising new hires for transfer of training (C) is positive reinforcement but not directly related to safety climate. Reporting employees for unsafe behavior (D) can create a culture of fear and hinder open communication about safety issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: inspirational motivation. Transformational leaders inspire and motivate their followers to achieve high levels of performance by setting high expectations. Inspirational motivation involves creating a compelling vision and communicating high expectations to followers to encourage them to achieve their best. This dimension focuses on energizing and inspiring followers to achieve collective goals through optimism and enthusiasm. A: Idealized influence involves serving as a role model and gaining trust and respect from followers. C: Intellectual stimulation involves encouraging creativity, innovation, and critical thinking among followers. D: Individualized consideration involves providing personalized support and coaching to meet the needs of individual followers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Plan, Act. Ontario Power Generation's safety slogan reflects the CSA model by emphasizing the importance of planning for safety measures (Plan) and taking proactive steps to implement them (Act). Planning involves identifying potential hazards and developing strategies to mitigate risks, while acting involves putting those plans into practice to ensure a safe work environment. Choices A, B, and D do not accurately capture both the planning and implementation aspects outlined in the CSA model, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: link behaviour to consequences. In reinforcement theory, behavior is reinforced through positive or negative consequences. By linking safety behavior to consequences, organizations can increase desired safety behaviors and decrease undesired ones. This method provides a clear understanding of the relationship between actions and outcomes, leading to improved safety performance. Tailoring rewards (A) may not always align with desired safety outcomes. Setting specific and difficult goals (B) may not always be effective in changing behavior. Providing lots of feedback (D) is important but may not directly address linking behavior to consequences.