Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nursing process. The nursing process consists of systematic steps (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation) used by nurses to provide individualized care. Assessment helps identify community needs, diagnosis guides problem identification, planning involves setting goals, implementation is about carrying out interventions, and evaluation assesses outcomes. Diagnostic reasoning (B) refers to the process of analyzing data to make clinical decisions, not for planning community care. Critical thinking (C) is a general cognitive process that aids decision-making but is not specific to planning community care. Community care map (D) may be a tool used within the nursing process but is not the overarching framework for planning individualized care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer anticoagulants. Anticoagulants are the primary treatment for DVT as they prevent blood clots from getting bigger and reduce the risk of new clots forming. This helps prevent complications like pulmonary embolism. Elevating the leg and applying compression (option B) can help with symptoms but do not address the underlying cause. Providing anticoagulant therapy (option C) is similar to the correct answer but lacks specificity. Applying compression stockings (option D) can help prevent complications but do not treat the existing clot.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse should first administer IV fluids when a client with a respiratory infection shows signs of sepsis. This is because sepsis can lead to severe dehydration and hypotension, and prompt fluid resuscitation is essential to stabilize the client's hemodynamic status. Administering antibiotics (choice A) is important but addressing fluid resuscitation takes precedence. Administering pain medication (choice C) may provide comfort but does not address the underlying issue of sepsis. Providing mechanical ventilation (choice D) may be necessary in severe cases but should be considered after addressing fluid resuscitation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increase potassium intake. Potassium helps to lower blood pressure by counteracting the effects of sodium. This dietary change is crucial for managing hypertension. Increasing sodium intake (choice A) is incorrect as it can lead to increased blood pressure. Increasing fiber intake (choice C) is beneficial for overall health but not specifically for hypertension. Increasing alcohol intake (choice D) is harmful and can worsen hypertension. Prioritizing increasing potassium intake is essential for effectively managing hypertension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Assessing serum creatinine levels and GFR is crucial in monitoring kidney function in CKD patients. These tests provide information on the kidney's ability to filter waste products from the blood. Monitoring these levels helps in determining the stage of CKD and adjusting treatment plans accordingly. Blood glucose levels (B) are important in diabetes management but not the priority in CKD. Hemoglobin levels (C) are important for anemia assessment in CKD but not as critical as kidney function. Potassium levels (D) are important to monitor in CKD, but assessing kidney function takes precedence.