What does the nurse recognize as the major advantage of using nonpharmacological pain relief measures?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse recognizes that nonpharmacological pain relief measures have no side effects as their major advantage, unlike drugs risking nausea, addiction, or sedation. Methods like heat or relaxation rely on natural responses (e.g., circulation, calming), avoiding chemical risks. Choice A, replacing medications, isn't truethey complement, not supplant, drugs, especially for severe pain. Choice C, being more effective, variesnonpharmacological methods aid mild pain or adjunctively but rarely outdo opioids for intensity. Choice D, working immediately, isn't universal; effects (e.g., meditation) build slower than analgesics. Choice B is correct, highlighting safetynurses leverage this for clients wary of drugs or with comorbidities, integrating techniques like imagery or massage to enhance comfort without adding physiological burden, a key asset in holistic care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The basis of the nurse's response is the effect on the brain, as narcotic analgesics (opioids) like morphine stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla, triggering nauseaa central nervous system side effect, not just digestive. This explains its prevalence across opioid types. Choice A, stomach irritation, contributes (e.g., oral opioids), but nausea often persists with IV delivery, pointing to brain involvement over local upset. Choice C, allergic reaction, is unlikelynausea is a common side effect, not a rare hypersensitivity sign like rash. Choice D, rapid absorption, affects onset, not nausea directly; slow-release forms still cause it. Choice B is correct, enabling nurses to explain this CNS effect, reassuring clients it's typical, and offering antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron) to manage it, ensuring narcotic use continues for pain relief without undue distress.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The basis of the nurse's response is to minimize discomfort, as pre-therapy pain medication reduces pain during movement, enabling active participation in physical therapy (e.g., stretching) without distresskey for recovery or chronic pain management. Timing optimizes function. Choice A, prevent drowsiness, is backwardanalgesics may cause it, but that's not the goal here. Choice B, reduce muscle tension, occurs indirectly, but discomfort reduction drives dosing, not just tension relief. Choice C, increase pain tolerance, is vaguemedication lowers pain perception, not tolerance capacity. Choice D is correct, guiding nurses to explain this preemptive strategye.g., taking ibuprofen 30 minutes priorensuring therapy's benefits (mobility) outweigh pain barriers, enhancing outcomes in rehab or chronic care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The basis of the nurse's response is reduced pain tolerance, as stress elevates cortisol and adrenaline, lowering the threshold for pain perceptionamplifying its intensity without changing its source. This psychological overlay is key. Choice A, increased muscle tension, contributes (e.g., clenched shoulders), but tolerance reduction is broader, affecting all pain types. Choice C, poor circulation, may worsen ischemic pain, but stress's effect is neural, not vascular-specific. Choice D, increased inflammation, needs chronic stress evidenceacute stress heightens perception, not swelling. Choice B is correct, enabling nurses to explain this link, suggesting relaxation (e.g., breathing) or timed meds to boost tolerance, helping clients manage pain's stress-driven spikes effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic reserved for serious infections due to its potential for severe toxicity, with bone marrow suppression (Choice D) being the most dangerous adverse reaction. This condition can manifest as aplastic anemia, a potentially fatal reduction in blood cell production, affecting red cells, white cells, and platelets. The risk arises because chloramphenicol inhibits protein synthesis in bone marrow mitochondria, leading to suppressed hematopoiesis. Lethal arrhythmias (Choice A) are not a primary concern with this drug, as it doesn't directly affect cardiac ion channels. Malignant hypertension (Choice B) is unrelated, as chloramphenicol doesn't influence vascular tone or blood pressure significantly. Status epilepticus (Choice C), a prolonged seizure state, is also not associated, as the drug's neurotoxicity is more likely to cause peripheral neuropathy than seizures. Bone marrow suppression can lead to life-threatening infections, bleeding, or anemia, requiring close monitoring (e.g., regular complete blood counts). Its severity and irreversibility in some cases make it the most toxic reaction, confirming Choice D as the correct answer.