ATI RN
Questions on Gastrointestinal Tract Questions
Question 1 of 5
What does the liver secrete to aid in digestion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: bile. The liver secretes bile to aid in digestion by emulsifying fats, helping in their breakdown and absorption. Insulin (choice A) is secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, not aid in digestion. Gastrin (choice C) is a hormone produced by the stomach to stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, not by the liver. Pepsin (choice D) is an enzyme produced in the stomach to break down proteins, not secreted by the liver.
Question 2 of 5
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Large intestine. The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter that passes through the small intestine. It reabsorbs water and electrolytes to maintain the body's fluid balance. The small intestine primarily absorbs nutrients and vitamins, while the stomach is responsible for the initial digestion of food and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Therefore, the large intestine is the correct choice for water and electrolyte absorption in the digestive system.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is likely to fail to reduce secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an inhibitor of the hydrogen-potassium pump directly targets the mechanism responsible for the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. By inhibiting this pump, the production of acid is reduced. A H receptor blocker (choice A) and a muscarinic cholinergic receptor blocker (choice C) work by blocking specific receptors involved in stimulating acid secretion. A nicotinic cholinergic receptor blocker (choice B) blocks a different type of receptor that is not directly involved in regulating acid secretion. In summary, the inhibitor of the hydrogen-potassium pump (choice D) is the most direct and effective way to reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach compared to the other choices.
Question 4 of 5
If the submandibular salivary gland stops functioning:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the submandibular salivary gland is responsible for producing around 70-75% of total saliva, including amylase. If it stops functioning, there would be a severe deficiency of amylase, leading to impaired digestion of starches. Choice A is incorrect because the reduction in salivary secretion would be more significant than 20%. Choice D is incorrect as mucins are produced by other salivary glands and not solely by the submandibular gland.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following mismatches pancreatic enzyme with its function?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pro-carboxypeptidase is an inactive form of carboxypeptidase, which is involved in breaking down proteins. It is not a mismatch. A is correct as proteolytic enzymes indeed break down proteins. B is correct as amylase breaks down carbohydrates. C is correct as nuclease enzymes break down nucleic acids. Therefore, the mismatch is only seen in option D.