What does the 'art of nursing' primarily emphasize in patient care?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) interpersonal and compassionate dimensions of care. The 'art of nursing' primarily emphasizes the humanistic aspects of patient care, focusing on building therapeutic relationships, showing empathy, and providing emotional support. This is crucial in promoting patient well-being, trust, and healing. Option A) application of evidence-based knowledge is important in nursing practice, but it pertains more to the 'science of nursing' which involves applying research and best practices to deliver effective care. Option B) technical expertise in medical procedures is essential for providing safe and competent care, but it represents the technical skills aspect of nursing rather than the art of nursing. Option C) proficiency in administering medications is a fundamental nursing skill related to the safe administration of drugs, but it does not encompass the holistic and human-centered care that defines the art of nursing. Educationally, understanding the art of nursing is crucial for nursing students as it helps them realize the importance of treating patients as whole individuals with unique needs and feelings. By prioritizing the interpersonal and compassionate aspects of care, nurses can create meaningful connections with patients, enhance therapeutic outcomes, and improve overall patient satisfaction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In community health nursing, it is crucial to understand the appropriate care for clients in various situations, including when physical restraints are used. The correct answer, option A - Check circulation every 15-30 minutes, is essential because when a client is placed in four-point restraints, there is a risk of impaired circulation due to restricted movement. Regularly assessing circulation ensures the client's safety and prevents complications such as pressure ulcers or circulatory issues. Option B - Assess temperature frequently, though important in general patient care, is not the priority in this situation where circulation is at higher risk. Option C - Socialize with other patients once a shift, and Option D - Provide diversional activities, are not appropriate when a client is restrained as the primary focus should be on ensuring their physical well-being and safety. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the correct answer reinforces the importance of frequent monitoring and assessment in nursing care, especially in situations where client safety is a concern. It also highlights the prioritization of care tasks based on the client's immediate needs to prevent complications and promote optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of external radiation therapy, it is crucial for nurse Tom to instruct the male client to protect the irritated skin from sunlight (Option A). This instruction is essential because radiation therapy can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, leading to increased risk of skin damage and burns. By avoiding direct sunlight exposure and using protective clothing or sunscreen, the client can prevent further skin irritation and potential complications. Option B, which suggests eating 3 to 4 hours before treatment, is incorrect for this scenario. While nutrition is important for overall health during radiation therapy, the timing of meals does not directly impact skin protection from sunlight. Option C, advising the client to apply lotion or oil to the radiated area when it is red or sore, is also incorrect. Lotions and oils can interfere with the treatment and should not be applied without specific instructions from the healthcare provider. Option D, recommending washing the skin area regularly, is not appropriate during external radiation therapy. Excessive washing can further irritate the skin and compromise its integrity, making it more susceptible to damage from radiation. In an educational context, it is important to emphasize the specific precautions and care instructions for clients undergoing radiation therapy. Understanding the rationale behind each instruction helps nurses provide accurate and effective guidance to clients, ensuring their safety and well-being throughout the treatment process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of community health nursing, the model of nursing care that works best when there are many patients but few nurses is Functional Nursing (Option A). Functional nursing divides tasks among the nursing staff based on their skills and expertise. This model is efficient when resources are limited as it allows nurses to focus on specific tasks they are proficient in, maximizing their impact and productivity. Team nursing (Option B) involves a team of healthcare professionals working together to provide care. While it fosters collaboration, it may not be as efficient as functional nursing when there are few nurses available to provide care to many patients. Primary nursing (Option C) assigns a primary nurse to a patient for the duration of their care. This model promotes continuity and individualized care but may not be practical in situations with limited nursing resources and a high patient load. Total patient care (Option D) involves one nurse caring for a patient's total needs. This model can be resource-intensive and may not be feasible when there are many patients and few nurses available. In community health nursing, understanding different care models is crucial for nurses to adapt their practice to varying situations. By choosing functional nursing in scenarios with limited nursing staff, healthcare facilities can optimize their resources and provide quality care to a larger number of patients efficiently.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of the Introduction to Community Health Nursing exam, the correct answer is B) The role of nursing is to facilitate 'the body's reparative processes' by manipulating client's environment in relation to Florence Nightingale. This answer is correct because it reflects Nightingale's environmental theory of nursing, which emphasizes the importance of a clean, well-ventilated, and peaceful environment in promoting healing and health. Option A) Nursing is caring, while an important aspect of nursing, does not directly relate to Nightingale's specific environmental theory. Option C) Nursing is the science and practice that expands adaptive abilities and enhances person and environment transformation, is a more general definition of nursing and does not specifically align with Nightingale's theories. Option D) Nursing care becomes necessary when the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs, although a valid statement about nursing care, does not directly reflect Nightingale's emphasis on the environment's role in healing. In an educational context, understanding the foundational theories of nursing, such as Nightingale's environmental theory, is crucial for students to grasp the evolution of nursing practice and its underlying principles. By recognizing the significance of environmental factors in health and healing, nurses can better advocate for and create supportive and healing environments for their clients in community health settings.