What does management of a category III fetal monitor tracing include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Management of a category III fetal monitor tracing involves expediting birth because it indicates fetal distress and potential hypoxia. In this situation, immediate delivery is necessary to prevent adverse outcomes for the baby. Decreasing oxytocin by half (choice A) may be considered if the tracing is concerning due to uterine hyperstimulation, but it is not the primary management for category III tracings. Readjusting the fetal monitor (choice C) may be helpful to ensure accurate readings, but it does not address the underlying fetal distress. Increasing magnesium sulfate (choice D) is typically used for neuroprotection in preterm labor or preeclampsia and is not the appropriate management for category III tracings. In summary, expediting birth is the correct answer because it is the most effective way to address fetal distress indicated by a category III fetal monitor tracing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hydrotherapy, the correct answer, has been shown to decrease pain, encourage movement, and improve labor satisfaction. Hydrotherapy involves the use of water immersion during labor, which has several benefits. Firstly, the buoyancy of water helps reduce the pressure on the body, making it easier for the laboring person to move and change positions. This movement can help progress labor and reduce discomfort. Additionally, the warmth of the water can help relax muscles and decrease pain sensations, providing natural pain relief. On the other hand, controlled breathing (choice A) is a common technique used during labor to help manage pain, but it may not necessarily encourage movement or improve labor satisfaction to the same extent as hydrotherapy. Aromatherapy (choice B) involves the use of essential oils to create a relaxing environment, but it may not have the same physical benefits as hydrotherapy in terms of pain management and movement encouragement. Massage (choice C) can also be helpful for pain relief and relaxation during labor, but it may not provide the same overall benefits as hydrotherapy in terms of movement and labor satisfaction. In conclusion, while controlled breathing, aromatherapy, and massage can all be beneficial during labor, hydrotherapy has been specifically shown to decrease pain, encourage movement, and improve labor satisfaction, making it the most effective technique among the choices provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Supporting hypnosis for comfort measures involves creating an environment conducive to relaxation and focus. Choice A is incorrect because talking through contractions can be distracting and disrupt the hypnotic state. Choice B is also incorrect because keeping the lights on can be stimulating and prevent the individual from fully relaxing and entering a hypnotic state. Choice D is incorrect because asking the individual to rate pain during a contraction can shift their focus away from the hypnotic suggestions and increase their awareness of discomfort. On the other hand, choice C is correct because keeping the room quiet and dimly lit can help create a calm and soothing environment that is ideal for hypnosis. Dim lighting can help reduce visual distractions and promote relaxation, while a quiet environment can help the individual focus on the hypnotic suggestions and their breathing. This type of environment can enhance the effectiveness of hypnosis for pain management and comfort during labor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: C: Dilute before IV administration is the correct answer because promethazine is a vesicant, meaning it can cause tissue damage if it leaks out of the vein during IV administration. Diluting the medication before IV administration helps reduce the risk of tissue injury. It is important for the nurse to follow the proper dilution guidelines provided by the medication manufacturer or hospital policy to ensure safe administration. A: Administer subcutaneously is incorrect because promethazine should not be given subcutaneously. Subcutaneous administration can cause tissue irritation and damage due to the medication's pH and osmolality. It is important to administer promethazine through the correct route to prevent harm to the patient. B: Never administer with an opioid is incorrect because promethazine can be safely administered with opioids in some situations. However, the combination of promethazine with opioids can increase the risk of respiratory depression and other side effects. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the patient closely when administering these medications together. D: Never administer in first stage labor is incorrect because promethazine can be used in the management of nausea and vomiting during labor. However, the nurse should be cautious when administering promethazine in labor as it can cross the placenta and affect the fetus. It is important to assess the risks and benefits of using promethazine in labor on a case-by-case basis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Spinal anesthesia is a technique used to numb a specific region of the body by injecting an anesthetic into the spinal cord. The correct answer is C: renal damage. This is because one of the potential side effects of spinal anesthesia is a decrease in blood pressure, which can lead to decreased perfusion to the kidneys and potential renal damage. Choice A, hypotension, is a common side effect of spinal anesthesia due to the sympathetic blockade caused by the anesthesia. This can lead to a decrease in blood pressure, but it is not directly related to renal damage. Choice B, respiratory depression, is not a common side effect of spinal anesthesia. Respiratory depression is more commonly associated with general anesthesia or opioid medications, not spinal anesthesia. Choice D, infection, is also not a common side effect of spinal anesthesia. Infection can occur at the injection site, but it is not a direct side effect of the anesthesia itself. In summary, renal damage is a potential side effect of spinal anesthesia due to the decrease in blood pressure that can occur. Hypotension, respiratory depression, and infection are not common side effects of spinal anesthesia.