ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
What does it mean when a medication has a half-life?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. When a medication has a half-life, it refers to the time it takes for half of the dose to be eliminated from the bloodstream. Half-life is an important pharmacokinetic parameter which helps determine the dosing interval and duration of action of a drug. By understanding the half-life of a medication, healthcare providers can make informed decisions regarding dosing schedules to maintain therapeutic levels in the body.
Question 2 of 5
The client receives nystatin (Nilstat) for a fungal infection in the mouth. The nurse plans to do medication education prior to discharge. What will the best plan by the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nystatin treats oral thrush by direct mucosal contact, requiring the tablet to dissolve in the mouth for prolonged exposure before swallowing. This maximizes antifungal action against Candida. Using a straw might apply to suspensions but isn't standard for discoloration prevention, which isn't a primary issue. Crushing and mixing with juice reduces contact time, decreasing efficacy. Swallowing whole bypasses the infection site, rendering it ineffective. The nurse's best plan educates on dissolving the tablet, aligning with nystatin's topical mechanism, ensuring treatment success and preventing recurrence, making A the optimal instruction.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has overdosed on Warfarin, what should be given to the patient to be reveresed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the body. Overdosing on warfarin can lead to excessive bleeding due to the lack of functional clotting factors. To reverse the effects of warfarin overdose, Vitamin K is given because it helps the body restore the levels of clotting factors that were reduced by warfarin. Vitamin K promotes the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, which allows the blood to clot effectively again. Therefore, in the case of a warfarin overdose, Vitamin K is the appropriate antidote to help reverse the anticoagulant effects.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse administers furosemide (Lasix) to a client with edema. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, treats edema by increasing urine output but depletes potassium via renal excretion, risking hypokalemia. This can cause muscle weakness or arrhythmias, critical in edema patients often with cardiac issues. Monitoring potassium closely ensures timely correction, preventing life-threatening complications. Sodium may decrease but is less urgent unless extreme. Calcium loss occurs but is rarer and less impactful acutely. Glucose isn't directly affected by furosemide. Potassium's rapid depletion aligns with the drug's mechanism'blocking the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter'making it the priority lab value. Regular checks (e.g., serum levels) guide supplementation, ensuring safety during diuresis, thus B is the nurse's focus for effective monitoring and intervention.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a patient receiving enteral therapy. What is the most common complication of enteral therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diarrhea is the most common complication of enteral therapy, often due to formula composition, administration rate, or bacterial contamination. Aspiration (A) is a serious but less common complication. Constipation (B) and muscle weakness (D) are not typically associated with enteral therapy.