ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Assessment 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
What does a patient need to avoid while taking Angiotensin-converting enzymes?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should avoid salt substitutes, foods high in potassium, and foods high in sodium. Salt substitutes often contain potassium chloride, which may cause an increase in potassium levels when combined with ACE inhibitors. Foods high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, spinach, and potatoes, can also potentially elevate potassium levels when consumed in large amounts. Additionally, foods high in sodium can counteract the effects of ACE inhibitors in managing blood pressure. Therefore, it is important for patients on ACE inhibitors to be mindful of their intake of salt substitutes, high-potassium foods, and high-sodium foods to ensure the effectiveness of their medication and to prevent any potential complications.
Question 2 of 5
Local vasoconstriction is of short duration and can be prolonged by application of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thromboxane is a vasoconstrictor that is released by platelets during the process of blood clotting. Local vasoconstriction is a temporary response that occurs to reduce bleeding at the site of injury. Thromboxane plays a role in this process by constricting the blood vessels temporarily to limit blood flow to the injured area. By prolonging the application of thromboxane, vasoconstriction can be prolonged to support the clotting process and minimize bleeding. Adrenaline, steroids, heparin, and thrombin do not have the same vasoconstrictive properties as thromboxane.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following refers to the metabolism of the drug en route from the GUT lumen to the systemic circulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug occurring as it passes from the gastrointestinal tract (GUT lumen) to the liver, before reaching the systemic circulation. This process can significantly reduce the amount of active drug that enters systemic circulation, impacting the drug's overall effectiveness. The first pass effect is an important consideration in pharmacokinetics as it affects the bioavailability of a drug and influences dosing regimens. Options A, C, D, and E do not specifically pertain to the metabolism of a drug en route from the GUT lumen to the systemic circulation as described in the question.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is receiving tetracycline. Which advice should the nurse include when teaching this patient about tetracycline?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tetracycline can cause photosensitivity, increasing the risk of severe sunburn. Patients should be advised to use sunscreen and avoid prolonged sun exposure. Taking antacids with tetracycline is contraindicated, as they can bind to the drug and reduce its absorption. Hearing loss and retinal damage are not associated with tetracycline use. Instead, patients should be monitored for gastrointestinal side effects and advised to take the medication with food if tolerated.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse assesses the patient receiving phentolamine (Regitine) and suspects what finding is an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients receiving phentolamine often experience extensions of the therapeutic effects, including hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, angina, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, flushing, tachycardia, and arrhythmia all of which are related to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Headache, weakness, and dizziness often occur in response to hypotension. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. Hypertension, wheezing, and depressed respiration would not be associated with phentolamine. The nurse should monitor for adverse effects and intervene as needed.