ATI RN
Introduction to Nursing Final Exam Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
What does a lab report showing RBC 5M/mm3, WBC 12,000/mm3, Platelet 200,000/mm3, and prothrombin time of 11 seconds suggest?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The lab values indicate a high WBC count (12,000/mm3) suggesting an elevated immune response, typical in infections. The RBC count (5M/mm3) and platelet count (200,000/mm3) are within normal range ruling out dehydration and polycythemia. The prothrombin time of 11 seconds is also normal. Therefore, the most likely interpretation is an infection. Dehydration would show high RBC count and high platelet count, polycythemia would show high RBC count, and leukopenia would show low WBC count.
Question 2 of 5
Mrs. Sales also tells the nurse that she is often constipated. Because she is aging, what physical changes predispose her to constipation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Loss of tone of the smooth muscles of the colon. As individuals age, the smooth muscles of the colon can lose their tone, resulting in slower peristalsis and decreased bowel movements, leading to constipation. This physical change is a common factor contributing to constipation in older adults. A: Inhibition of the parasympathetic reflex is not directly related to constipation in aging individuals. Parasympathetic stimulation usually promotes bowel movements. B: Esophageal emptying hastening is not relevant to constipation. Esophageal emptying refers to the movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach, not the colon. D: Decreased ability to absorb fluids in the lower intestines is not a typical physical change associated with aging that predisposes individuals to constipation. Constipation is more commonly linked to issues with colonic motility rather than fluid absorption.
Question 3 of 5
To reduce risk of airborne disease transmission from a client with infectious status in a private room, the nurse should do which of the following control measures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provide special ventilation. Special ventilation systems help to control and reduce the concentration of airborne pathogens in the room, decreasing the risk of disease transmission. This measure is necessary for infection control in private rooms. A: Using a face mask when entering the room may provide some protection, but it is not as effective as special ventilation in reducing airborne pathogen concentration. B: Keeping the door closed can help contain the pathogens within the room but does not address the need for proper ventilation. C: Limiting visitors can help reduce the spread of infection, but it does not directly address airborne transmission control like special ventilation does.
Question 4 of 5
When prioritizing a client's plan of care based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the nurse's first priority would be:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administering pain medication. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs like pain relief are the most basic and must be addressed first for the client's well-being. Administering pain medication ensures the client's physical comfort and safety, which is crucial before addressing other needs. Allowing the family to see the client (A) and ambulating the client (B) are important but not as urgent as addressing pain. Placing wrist restraints on the client (D) should only be considered if absolutely necessary for the client's safety and should not be the first priority.
Question 5 of 5
When auscultating a client's chest, the nurse assesses a second heart sound (S2). This sound results from:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The second heart sound (S2) occurs during the closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves. This closure marks the end of systole and the beginning of diastole. The closure of these valves produces a characteristic "dub" sound. The opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves occurs during diastole, while the opening of the aortic and pulmonic valves happens during systole. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it accurately reflects the physiological basis of S2. The other choices (A, B, C) are incorrect as they do not align with the specific cardiac events associated with the second heart sound.