What do atypical antipsychotics treat?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotics primarily target negative symptoms such as social withdrawal, lack of motivation, and flattened affect. They are less effective on positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. This is due to their mechanism of action, which involves targeting serotonin and dopamine receptors in the brain. Choices A and C are incorrect because atypical antipsychotics are not as effective in treating positive symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because atypical antipsychotics are not commonly used to treat anxiety disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because abruptly stopping lithium in bipolar patients can lead to a rapid recurrence of manic or hypomanic symptoms due to destabilization of mood regulation. This is known as rebound mania. Choice B is incorrect because discontinuing lithium can have significant effects. Choice C is incorrect as discontinuation may not necessarily lead to severe depression. Choice D is incorrect as lithium discontinuation is not associated with the development of schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are substituted with constructive activities. Sublimation involves channeling negative or unacceptable emotions into productive or socially acceptable behaviors. This process allows individuals to express their feelings in a healthy and constructive manner. Choice A (meeting the needs of others) relates to altruism, not sublimation. Choice C (constantly denying disturbing feelings) describes repression, not sublimation. Choice D (transferring emotions to a nonthreatening object) is more aligned with displacement, not sublimation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because passive aggression, splitting, projection, and denial are examples of immature defense mechanisms. Immature defenses are characterized by an inability to cope effectively with stress or conflict, often leading to maladaptive behaviors. Choice B includes altruism, sublimation, suppression, and humor, which are actually considered mature defense mechanisms, as they involve healthier ways of managing emotions and stress. Choice C lists repression, displacement, reaction formation, and rationalization, which are categorized as neurotic defense mechanisms, falling between mature and immature defenses. Choice D combines avoidance, denial, repression, and projection, which are also examples of immature defense mechanisms, but it does not include passive aggression and splitting, which are key indicators of immature defenses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because denial is a defense mechanism where individuals refuse to acknowledge the existence of unpleasant realities to protect themselves from anxiety or distress. Denial involves ignoring or minimizing the significance of a situation or emotion. Choice A is incorrect as it describes altruism, not denial. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to sublimation, not denial. Choice C is incorrect as it is a generalization and does not capture the essence of denial as specifically avoiding or rejecting disturbing feelings.