What disorder can put a person at a higher risk for sepsis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diabetes. Diabetes can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections like sepsis. High blood sugar levels in diabetes can impair immune response, increasing the risk of serious infections. Eczema (B), Otitis (C), and Chlamydia (D) are not directly associated with a higher risk for sepsis compared to diabetes. Eczema is a skin condition, Otitis is an ear infection, and Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection, none of which significantly impact the immune system's function to the extent that diabetes does.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of preoperative teaching for a patient, it is crucial to prioritize interventions that address the psychological and emotional aspects of the upcoming surgery, making option B the correct choice. Encouraging the patient to identify and verbalize their fears allows for open communication and expression of emotions. This is important because addressing fears helps to reduce anxiety levels, which can significantly impact patient cooperation, recovery, and overall outcomes. Option A, performing skills necessary for gastrointestinal preparation, although important for physical preparation, does not directly address the psychological needs of the patient. Option C, discussing the site and extent of the surgical incision, while relevant for informed consent, may increase anxiety if not preceded by addressing the patient's emotional concerns. Option D, telling the patient not to worry or be afraid, dismisses the patient's valid emotions and does not provide the necessary support for addressing fears constructively. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of holistic patient care, emphasizing the need to consider the emotional well-being of patients alongside their physical needs. By focusing on patient-centered care and effective communication techniques, healthcare providers can build trust, reduce anxiety, and promote positive patient outcomes throughout the surgical experience.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct intervention is option A: turn and reposition every 2 hours. This is crucial in preventing skin alterations like pressure ulcers in malnourished and bedridden older adults. By repositioning the patient frequently, pressure on specific areas of the skin is relieved, reducing the risk of skin breakdown. Option B, limiting fluids to 500 mL every 24 hours, is incorrect as adequate hydration is essential for skin health and overall well-being. Restricting fluids can lead to dehydration, which can further exacerbate skin issues. Option C, advising against using lotions or creams on the skin, is also incorrect. Proper skin moisturization is essential for maintaining skin integrity, especially in individuals at risk for skin breakdown. Option D, assessing vital signs every 4 hours, while important for monitoring the patient's overall health, does not directly address the prevention of skin alterations in this context. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially patient care technicians, to understand the significance of skin care in vulnerable populations. Teaching the importance of repositioning, adequate hydration, and skin moisturization can significantly impact the quality of care provided to patients, preventing potential complications such as pressure ulcers. By explaining the rationale behind correct and incorrect interventions, healthcare professionals can enhance their clinical reasoning skills and provide optimal care to their patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of assessing postural deformities in a teenager, the correct answer is D) scoliosis. Scoliosis is a condition characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine, commonly detected during the growth spurt period in adolescence. It is crucial to identify scoliosis early on as it can progress and lead to complications if left untreated. Option A) kyphosis refers to an excessive outward curvature of the spine, which is not typically associated with teenagers but more commonly seen in older adults or individuals with specific medical conditions. Option B) rickets is a condition caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to weakened bones, but it does not present as a postural deformity related to spinal curvature. Option C) osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures, especially in older individuals, and is not typically a postural deformity assessed in teenagers. Educationally, understanding common postural deformities in teenagers is essential for healthcare providers, including Patient Care Technicians, as they play a vital role in patient assessment and care. Recognizing signs of scoliosis early can lead to timely interventions and prevent potential complications in adolescents. This knowledge equips healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care and support to teenagers with postural issues, promoting their overall well-being and quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In caring for elderly patients, understanding the effects of aging on the urinary system is crucial. Option C is correct because aging can lead to decreased bladder contractility, which can result in urine retention and stasis, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This is important to consider during a urinary assessment to prevent complications. Option A is incorrect because the diminished ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine in aging individuals does not directly result in UTIs. It may lead to other issues but not specifically UTIs. Option B is incorrect because increased bladder muscle tone in aging individuals would likely lead to issues with urinary retention rather than frequency due to reduced capacity. Option D is incorrect because neuromuscular problems can contribute to incontinence, but it does not directly relate to bladder contractility and urinary retention as described in the question stem. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the physiological changes that occur with aging and how they impact urinary function. Nurses and healthcare providers need to be aware of these changes to provide appropriate care and prevent complications in elderly patients. This knowledge is essential in ensuring the overall well-being and quality of life for aging individuals in healthcare settings.