ATI RN
FNP Pediatric Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What discharge teaching is most important to help the patient who has had a splenectomy prevent infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients who have had a splenectomy are at increased risk for infections, particularly those caused by encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. To prevent these infections, it is essential for these patients to receive vaccines against these bacteria. Vaccines recommended for patients who have had a splenectomy include the pneumococcal vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, and Hib vaccine. These vaccines help boost the body's immunity and provide protection against potentially life-threatening infections. It is important for healthcare providers to educate patients about the importance of receiving these vaccines to prevent infections post-splenectomy.
Question 2 of 5
A client with suspected lung cancer is scheduled for thoracentesis as part of the diagnostic workup. The nurse reviews the client's history for conditions that might contraindicate this procedure. Which condition is a contraindication for thoracentesis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A bleeding disorder is a contraindication for thoracentesis because the procedure involves inserting a needle through the chest wall into the pleural space to drain fluid. Individuals with a bleeding disorder are at an increased risk of bleeding complications during and after the procedure. It is important to ensure adequate clotting function before performing a thoracentesis to prevent excessive bleeding. If a client has a bleeding disorder, alternative diagnostic methods may need to be considered to minimize the risks associated with the procedure.
Question 3 of 5
A home care nurse assesses for disease complications in a client with bone cancer. The nurse knows that bone cancer may cause which electrolyte disturbance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bone cancer can lead to the release of calcium from the bones into the bloodstream, resulting in hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is a common electrolyte disturbance seen in clients with bone cancer. When the calcium levels in the blood are elevated, it can lead to various complications such as kidney stones, muscle weakness, confusion, and cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is essential for the home care nurse to assess for signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia in clients with bone cancer to prevent potential complications.
Question 4 of 5
A client with cancer is scheduled for radiation therapy. The nurse knows that radiation at any treatment site may cause a certain adverse effect. Therefore, the nurse should prepare the client to expect:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Radiation therapy works by targeting rapidly dividing cells in the body, which includes not only cancer cells but also healthy cells. Hair loss, also known as alopecia, is a common side effect of radiation therapy because the hair follicles are fast-growing cells that can be affected by the radiation. The extent of hair loss can vary depending on the dose and area of the body being treated. It is essential for nurses to prepare clients for the possibility of hair loss during radiation therapy and provide support and information on managing this side effect.
Question 5 of 5
The physician orders cystoscopy and random biopsies of the bladder for a client who reports painless hematuria. Test results reveal carcinoma in situ in several bladder regions. To treat bladder cancer, the client will have a series of intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), administered 1 week apart. When teaching the client about BCG, the nurse should mention that this drug commonly causes:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a form of immunotherapy used to treat bladder cancer by stimulating the immune system to attack cancer cells in the bladder. One of the common side effects of BCG therapy is hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine. This can be expected due to the irritation caused by the BCG instillations in the bladder lining. Hematuria is usually mild to moderate and can resolve on its own without specific treatment.