What describes transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) involves using a laser to create channels between the left ventricular cavity and coronary circulation, improving blood flow to ischemic areas. This procedure is used to treat refractory angina in patients who are not candidates for traditional revascularization procedures. A is incorrect as TMR does not involve using a structure to hold vessels open. B is incorrect as TMR does not necessarily require anticoagulation following the procedure. D is incorrect as TMR does not involve the surgical construction of new vessels. In summary, TMR involves creating channels with a laser to improve blood flow, making option C the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Both A and B) because Jones criteria for the diagnosis of Rheumatic fever include carditis (inflammation of the heart) and erythema marginatum (a skin rash). Carditis is a major criteria and erythema marginatum is a minor criteria. Therefore, both A and B are essential components of the Jones criteria for diagnosing Rheumatic fever. Choice A (Carditis) alone is incorrect as it does not encompass the full criteria, and Choice B (Erythema marginatum) alone is also incorrect as it is just a minor criteria. Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect as the correct answer is a combination of both carditis and erythema marginatum.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: bed rest. Bed rest is crucial for managing thrombophlebitis to prevent further clot formation and reduce the risk of complications. Movement can dislodge blood clots, leading to embolism. Analgesics (A) may help with pain but do not address the underlying issue. Anticoagulants (B) are used to prevent clot formation but do not directly manage pain. Exercise (C) can worsen thrombophlebitis by increasing the risk of clot dislodgment. Thus, bed rest is the most appropriate option for pain management in thrombophlebitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mr. Baker's blood pressure remains uncontrolled because he is not taking his medicine as ordered. Medication adherence is crucial for managing blood pressure. If Mr. Baker is not taking his medicine as prescribed, it can lead to uncontrolled blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D may also contribute to high blood pressure, but not taking medication as ordered is the most likely reason based on the information provided. Choice B focuses on diet, which is important but not the most likely reason in this scenario. Choice C mentions sedentary behavior, which can impact blood pressure but is not as critical as medication adherence. Choice D addresses smoking, which is a risk factor for high blood pressure but not the primary reason in this case.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer is C: a diuretic. 1. Diuretics promote the excretion of excess water and salt from the body, reducing fluid volume in the bloodstream. 2. Administering a diuretic can help manage conditions like hypertension and heart failure by decreasing blood pressure and relieving edema. 3. Diuretics are commonly used to treat conditions where fluid retention is a concern. 4. In the given scenario, anticipating administering a diuretic would be appropriate to address potential fluid overload or edema. Summary: A: Analgesics are used for pain relief, not for addressing fluid retention or volume overload. B: Catecholamines are hormones involved in the body's fight-or-flight response and are not typically used to manage fluid balance. D: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used to treat angina and heart-related chest pain, not fluid retention issues.