What contraceptive method is best suited for a single, perimenopausal woman with four sex partners who smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Male condom for a single, perimenopausal woman with four sex partners who smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day. Male condoms are the best choice in this scenario because they provide dual protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Given that the woman has multiple sex partners, protecting against STIs is crucial. Additionally, since she is a smoker and in the perimenopausal stage, hormonal contraceptives like oral contraceptives, NuvaRing, or an intrauterine device may not be the safest options due to the increased risk of cardiovascular complications associated with smoking and age. Intrauterine devices and hormonal contraceptives may not be as effective in preventing STIs as male condoms. Moreover, hormonal methods can have contraindications for smokers, especially at an older age like perimenopause. Educating the woman about the importance of consistent and correct condom use can empower her to take control of her sexual health and prevent both unwanted pregnancies and STIs. It's essential to emphasize the importance of regular STI screenings and discussions about safe sex practices with all partners in this situation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In recommending the intrauterine device (IUD), it is most appropriate for option D, the married 26-year-old, G3 P2102 client. The rationale behind this choice is based on the client's parity (G3 P2102), indicating that she has already had children and may be seeking a long-term contraceptive method. The IUD is highly effective, long-lasting, and reversible, making it suitable for women who have completed their desired family size. Options A and B are not ideal candidates for an IUD due to their young age and nulliparity. Younger individuals may have changing contraceptive needs and may benefit from more short-term methods or those that do not require a healthcare provider for removal. Option C, the unmarried 25-year-old with a history of chlamydia, may also not be the best candidate as current guidelines recommend screening and treating for sexually transmitted infections before IUD insertion to prevent complications. From an educational standpoint, understanding the importance of considering factors such as parity, age, reproductive goals, and medical history when recommending contraceptive methods is crucial in maternal and newborn nursing. Educating healthcare providers on the appropriateness of different contraceptive options for various client populations ensures safe and effective care delivery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In maternal and newborn nursing, it is crucial to understand the importance of proper nutrient absorption during pregnancy. When considering the supplement to maximize calcium absorption, the correct answer is A) Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a vital role in calcium absorption in the body. It helps the intestines absorb calcium efficiently, which is essential for the development of strong bones and teeth in both the mother and the growing fetus. Without sufficient Vitamin D, the body may struggle to absorb an adequate amount of calcium, leading to potential complications like bone development issues or calcium deficiency. Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect: - B) Vitamin E: While Vitamin E is important for overall health and has antioxidant properties, it does not have a direct impact on calcium absorption. - C) Folic acid: Folic acid is crucial for preventing neural tube defects in the fetus, but it does not enhance calcium absorption. - D) Iron: Iron is essential for preventing anemia during pregnancy, but it does not specifically aid in calcium absorption. In the context of maternal and newborn nursing, understanding the interactions between different nutrients and their roles in pregnancy is vital for providing comprehensive care to expectant mothers. Educating clients about the importance of taking supplements like Vitamin D alongside calcium can help promote optimal health outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In maternal and newborn nursing, understanding the implications of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is crucial for providing safe and effective care to women. The correct answer is A) Endometrial cancer. Rationale: Women on HRT for extended periods are at an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer due to prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen. Estrogen stimulates the growth of the endometrial lining, and without the balancing effect of progesterone, this unopposed growth can lead to malignancy over time. Option B) Gynecomastia is the development of breast tissue in males and is not a complication associated with HRT in women. Option C) Renal dysfunction is not directly related to HRT use. Option D) Mammary hypertrophy refers to breast enlargement and is not a recognized high-risk complication of HRT use in women. Educational Context: Educating women on HRT about the risks and benefits is essential for informed decision-making. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about potential complications such as endometrial cancer to provide thorough patient education, monitor for signs and symptoms, and collaborate with healthcare providers for appropriate screening and management strategies. This knowledge ensures comprehensive care and promotes women's health and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a bulimic client, the nurse would expect to find esophagitis. Bulimia involves recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting. This frequent exposure of the esophagus to stomach acid can lead to inflammation and damage, known as esophagitis. Option A, mastoiditis, is not typically associated with bulimia. Mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid bone behind the ear and is usually caused by a bacterial infection. Option B, hirsutism, refers to excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair is normally absent or minimal. While hormonal imbalances can occur in eating disorders like bulimia, hirsutism is not a common physical finding associated with this condition. Option C, gynecomastia, is the development of breast tissue in males. This can be caused by hormonal imbalances, but it is not a common physical finding in bulimic clients. Educationally, it is important for nurses to recognize the physical manifestations of eating disorders like bulimia to provide appropriate care and support to these individuals. Understanding the potential complications, such as esophagitis, helps nurses in early identification and intervention to prevent further health issues.