ATI RN
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast Questions
Question 1 of 5
What condition would the nurse suspect in a patient who presents with very painful menstrual cramps that prevent them from working each month?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps that can be severe enough to interfere with daily activities like work. This condition is common and can be caused by increased prostaglandin levels leading to uterine contractions. Amenorrhea (A) is the absence of menstruation, not painful cramps. Premenstrual syndrome (C) involves a variety of physical and emotional symptoms before menstruation, but not necessarily severe cramps. Abnormal uterine bleeding (D) refers to irregular or excessive bleeding, not specifically related to cramps.
Question 2 of 5
A 28-year-old patient presents with recurrent urinary tract infections and continuous wet sensation in her undergarments. On examination, the provider observes leaking of urine noted in the vagina. What structural disorder of the female reproductive system is most likely responsible for this condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bladder fistula. A bladder fistula is an abnormal connection between the bladder and another organ, leading to urine leakage into the vagina. In this case, the continuous wet sensation and urine leakage observed in the vagina indicate a communication between the bladder and the vagina. Pelvic floor prolapse (choice A) can cause urinary incontinence but does not involve direct leakage of urine into the vagina. DES exposure (choice B) is associated with reproductive tract abnormalities but not specifically with urinary incontinence. A vaginal septum (choice C) is a congenital condition where the vagina is divided by a septum, which would not directly cause urine leakage into the vagina.
Question 3 of 5
When suspecting an ovarian cyst on the basis of abdominal pain, what other causes need to be ruled out due to the severity of the condition? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and C. A: Ectopic pregnancy can present similarly to an ovarian cyst with abdominal pain. It is a life-threatening emergency due to the risk of rupture. B: Inflamed appendix can mimic symptoms of an ovarian cyst, such as lower abdominal pain. Appendicitis can lead to serious complications without prompt treatment. C: Ovarian torsion can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain similar to that of an ovarian cyst. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent ovarian damage or necrosis. D: Submucosal fibroid is a benign growth in the uterus and would not typically cause symptoms that mimic an ovarian cyst.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing information in anticipation of providing education to her patient. What is an accurate statement about ovarian cancer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the symptoms of ovarian cancer are often vague and nonspecific, leading to challenges in early detection. Symptoms such as bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating, and frequent urination can be mistaken for other conditions. This lack of specific symptoms makes it difficult for individuals to recognize the signs of ovarian cancer. Choice A is incorrect because the symptoms are not easy to detect. Choice C is incorrect as ovarian cancer does present symptoms. Choice D is incorrect as there are no reliable screening tests for ovarian cancer, which contributes to the difficulty in early detection.
Question 5 of 5
In humans, the meiotic phase with the longest duration is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prophase I in females. Prophase I is the longest phase in meiosis due to the process of genetic recombination and crossing over. This phase involves pairing of homologous chromosomes, exchange of genetic material, and formation of chiasmata. These complex processes contribute to the extended duration of Prophase I. Incorrect choices: A: Anaphase I in males - Anaphase I is a relatively short phase where homologous chromosomes separate. B: Prophase II in males - Prophase II is shorter than Prophase I as it involves the formation of new spindles and nuclear envelope breakdown. D: Anaphase II in females - Anaphase II is also a short phase where sister chromatids separate.