What condition increases the risk for fetal demise?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes is the correct answer because uncontrolled diabetes in pregnancy can lead to various complications, including an increased risk for fetal demise. When blood sugar levels are not properly managed, it can result in poor fetal growth, birth defects, and even stillbirth. High blood sugar levels can also lead to complications such as preeclampsia and preterm labor, which further increase the risk of fetal demise. Migraine headaches, on the other hand, do not directly increase the risk for fetal demise. While they can be uncomfortable for the mother, they do not typically pose a significant threat to the fetus unless they are accompanied by other serious complications. Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that occurs during fetal development and can lead to serious health issues for the baby, but it does not necessarily increase the risk for fetal demise. With proper medical management and care, babies born with spina bifida can lead healthy lives. Thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, can also impact pregnancy outcomes, but they do not directly increase the risk for fetal demise. However, uncontrolled thyroid disorders can lead to complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues for the baby. In conclusion, diabetes is the condition that significantly increases the risk for fetal demise due to its potential complications during pregnancy. It is crucial for pregnant women with diabetes to closely monitor and manage their blood sugar levels to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes for both themselves and their babies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct nursing intervention for a prolapsed cord is to lift the presenting part off the cord (Choice C). This is crucial to relieve pressure on the cord and restore blood flow to the baby. Lifting the presenting part off the cord helps prevent further compression, which can lead to fetal distress or even fetal death. Choice A, turning the person to the side, is incorrect because it does not address the immediate issue of relieving pressure on the prolapsed cord. While changing position may be necessary in some situations, it is not the primary intervention for a prolapsed cord. Choice B, giving the person oxygen, is also incorrect. While oxygen may be needed in cases of fetal distress resulting from a prolapsed cord, the priority is to alleviate pressure on the cord to prevent further harm to the baby. Choice D, increasing oxytocin, is not appropriate for a prolapsed cord. Oxytocin is a hormone that is typically used to induce or augment labor, but in the case of a prolapsed cord, the focus should be on relieving pressure on the cord rather than stimulating contractions. In summary, lifting the presenting part off the cord is the correct nursing intervention for a prolapsed cord because it addresses the immediate issue of restoring blood flow to the baby and preventing further harm.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The placenta is considered retained when it has not been delivered within 30 minutes after the birth of the baby. This is because the placenta should ideally be delivered within this time frame to prevent any complications such as excessive bleeding or infection for the mother. Choice A: 10 minutes is too short of a time frame to diagnose the placenta as retained. It is normal for the placenta to take some time to be delivered after the baby is born, so 10 minutes would be premature to consider it retained. Choice C: 1 hour is too long of a time frame to diagnose the placenta as retained. Waiting for an hour could lead to potential complications for the mother if the placenta is indeed retained, as it should ideally be delivered within 30 minutes. Choice D: 2 hours is also too long of a time frame to diagnose the placenta as retained. Waiting for 2 hours could put the mother at risk for complications associated with a retained placenta, so it is not the correct answer. In conclusion, the correct answer is B (30 minutes) because it is the appropriate time frame within which the placenta should be delivered to prevent any potential complications for the mother.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Methylergonovine is the correct answer for treating uterine atony. Uterine atony is a condition where the uterus fails to contract after childbirth, leading to postpartum hemorrhage. Methylergonovine is a medication that works by causing the uterine muscles to contract, helping to control bleeding and prevent further complications. This drug is specifically used to treat postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony. Ampicillin (Choice A) is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, not uterine atony. Nitroglycerine (Choice B) is a vasodilator used to treat conditions like angina and heart failure, not uterine atony. Magnesium sulfate (Choice C) is a medication used to prevent seizures in conditions like preeclampsia and eclampsia during pregnancy, not specifically for treating uterine atony. In conclusion, methylergonovine is the correct choice for treating uterine atony because it helps stimulate uterine contractions and control postpartum bleeding. The other options are not appropriate for this condition and do not address the underlying issue of uterine atony.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Restlessness, cyanosis, and nasal flaring are all signs that indicate an alteration in oxygenation, making option B the correct answer. Restlessness is a common symptom seen in individuals who are experiencing difficulty breathing or low oxygen levels in their blood. Cyanosis, on the other hand, is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes that occurs when there is inadequate oxygenation of the blood. It is a clear indication that the body is not receiving enough oxygen. Nasal flaring, where the nostrils widen during breathing, is a compensatory mechanism used by the body to try to increase airflow and oxygen intake. Option A, liver failure, is incorrect because restlessness, cyanosis, and nasal flaring are not typical signs or symptoms associated with liver failure. Liver failure is more commonly linked to symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, and swelling in the legs and abdomen. Option C, preeclampsia, is also incorrect because while preeclampsia can cause high blood pressure and protein in the urine during pregnancy, it does not typically present with restlessness, cyanosis, or nasal flaring as primary symptoms. Preeclampsia is more commonly associated with symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, and upper abdominal pain. Option D, gestational diabetes, is also an incorrect choice as restlessness, cyanosis, and nasal flaring are not indicative of gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels during pregnancy and is often associated with symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. In conclusion, the presence of restlessness, cyanosis, and nasal flaring is a clear indication of an alteration in oxygenation, making option B the correct choice in this scenario.