What complication is high risk for women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for an extended period?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In maternal and newborn nursing, understanding the implications of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is crucial for providing safe and effective care to women. The correct answer is A) Endometrial cancer. Rationale: Women on HRT for extended periods are at an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer due to prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen. Estrogen stimulates the growth of the endometrial lining, and without the balancing effect of progesterone, this unopposed growth can lead to malignancy over time. Option B) Gynecomastia is the development of breast tissue in males and is not a complication associated with HRT in women. Option C) Renal dysfunction is not directly related to HRT use. Option D) Mammary hypertrophy refers to breast enlargement and is not a recognized high-risk complication of HRT use in women. Educational Context: Educating women on HRT about the risks and benefits is essential for informed decision-making. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about potential complications such as endometrial cancer to provide thorough patient education, monitor for signs and symptoms, and collaborate with healthcare providers for appropriate screening and management strategies. This knowledge ensures comprehensive care and promotes women's health and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take is option A) Ask the client the date of her last menstrual period. This is the appropriate course of action because a young woman with low weight and excessive exercise may be at risk for developing or already have an eating disorder, which could impact her menstrual cycle and overall health. By inquiring about her last menstrual period, the nurse can gather important information to assess the client's health status and potential risks. Option B) Encouraging the client to continue her excellent exercise schedule would be incorrect because excessive exercise can contribute to further health complications, especially in individuals who are underweight. Option C) Congratulating the client on her ability to maintain such a good weight could reinforce unhealthy behaviors and attitudes towards body image, potentially exacerbating the situation. Option D) Advising the client that she will have to stop swimming once soccer starts is irrelevant to the issue at hand and does not address the underlying concerns related to the client's low weight and excessive exercise. In the field of maternal and newborn nursing, it is crucial for healthcare providers to be vigilant in identifying signs of eating disorders, as they can have serious implications for both maternal and fetal health. By addressing these concerns early on and providing appropriate support and interventions, nurses can help promote the overall well-being of both the mother and baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the highest priority action for the nurse is option B: Interview the woman in private. This is the correct answer because it prioritizes the safety and well-being of the woman. When a patient presents with multiple unexplained bruises accompanied by a partner, it raises concerns about potential domestic violence or abuse. By interviewing the woman in private, the nurse creates a safe space for her to disclose any abuse without fear of repercussions from her partner. Option A, taking the woman's vital signs, is not the highest priority in this situation as the immediate physical well-being of the woman is not in question. Option C, assessing for additional bruising, is also not the priority as the focus should be on ensuring the woman's safety and addressing any potential abuse first. Option D, documenting the location of the bruises, is important for the patient's medical record but is not the most urgent action to take at this time. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of recognizing signs of domestic violence and the crucial role nurses play in advocating for the safety and well-being of their patients. It emphasizes the need for nurses to create a supportive and confidential environment for patients to disclose any abuse they may be experiencing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct response, "A) The evidence kit may still reveal important information," is the most appropriate because in cases of sexual assault, preserving evidence is crucial for legal proceedings and obtaining justice. The evidence kit can provide critical information to support the victim's case and potentially lead to the perpetrator's identification and conviction. Option B, "It was important for you to do that for yourself," while empathetic, does not address the immediate need for evidence collection. Option C, "Have you washed your clothes? If not, we might be able to obtain evidence from them," is partially correct but does not emphasize the urgency of preserving evidence from the victim's body. Option D, "Do you remember what happened? If not, someone may have put a drug in your drink," is not the first priority and may lead to victim-blaming or unnecessary speculation. From an educational standpoint, it is essential for nurses to understand the legal and medical implications of sexual assault cases. Teaching healthcare providers to prioritize evidence collection in a sensitive and timely manner can help ensure proper care for victims and increase the chances of obtaining justice. Nurses should be trained to respond with empathy while also emphasizing the importance of evidence preservation in such traumatic situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of maternal and newborn nursing, it is crucial for healthcare providers to be aware of the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer as early detection can significantly impact outcomes. Option C, which includes abdominal pain, bloating, and a constant feeling of fullness, is the correct choice. These symptoms are commonly associated with ovarian cancer and should prompt a woman to seek assessment promptly. Option A, vaginal bleeding and weight loss, are more commonly seen in other conditions such as cervical or uterine cancer, but they are not specific to ovarian cancer. Option B, frequent urination, breast tenderness, and extreme fatigue, are not typical symptoms of ovarian cancer and are more likely related to other gynecological or hormonal issues. Option D, hardness on one side of the abdomen, is a vague symptom and not specific to ovarian cancer. Educationally, it is important to highlight the importance of recognizing the hallmark symptoms of ovarian cancer to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Nurses and other healthcare professionals play a vital role in educating women about these signs and encouraging them to seek assessment if they experience such symptoms. This knowledge empowers women to take control of their health and potentially improve their prognosis in case ovarian cancer is detected.