What complication is associated with pica during pregnancy?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Iron-deficiency anemia. Pica, the craving and consumption of non-food substances, such as ice, clay, or paper, during pregnancy can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. This is because the ingestion of non-nutritive substances can interfere with the body's ability to absorb iron from food, leading to a deficiency in this essential mineral. Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy can have serious consequences, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental delays in the baby. Option A) Hypothyroidism is not directly associated with pica during pregnancy. Hypothyroidism is a separate condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland. Option C) Hypercalcemia, an excess of calcium in the blood, is not typically linked to pica during pregnancy. It is usually associated with conditions like hyperparathyroidism or certain cancers. Option D) Overexposure to zinc is not a common complication of pica during pregnancy. While excessive zinc intake can cause toxicity symptoms, it is not a primary concern related to pica. Educationally, understanding the complications associated with pica during pregnancy is crucial for healthcare providers working with pregnant women. By recognizing the risks, providers can offer appropriate interventions and support to prevent and address potential complications like iron-deficiency anemia. This knowledge can contribute to better maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a 41-week gestation fetus, lanugo would be absent. Lanugo is the fine, soft hair that covers the fetus's body and typically starts to shed around 36 to 40 weeks of gestation. This shedding process is a sign of fetal maturity. Therefore, in a 41-week fetus, the presence of lanugo would be unusual. Fingernails (Option A) and eyelashes (Option B) develop around the second trimester and would be present in a 41-week fetus. Fingernails help protect the fingertips and aid in grasping, while eyelashes serve a protective function for the eyes. Milia (Option D) are small, white bumps that commonly appear on a newborn's face. They are formed from oil glands and typically resolve on their own within a few weeks. Milia would not be present in a 41-week fetus as they are a characteristic feature of a newborn's skin. Understanding the developmental milestones and characteristics of a fetus at different gestational ages is crucial in maternal monitoring. This knowledge helps healthcare professionals assess fetal well-being and development accurately, ensuring appropriate care for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Counterpressure. This technique involves applying pressure to specific areas to alleviate pain during labor. In this scenario, the partner is using light strokes on the woman's abdomen to provide pain relief. Counterpressure helps release endorphins, which are natural painkillers, and distracts the brain from focusing on the pain sensations. Effleurage (B) is a gentle stroking technique used for relaxation, not specifically for pain relief. Guided imagery (C) involves visualizing calming scenes to reduce stress, not directly addressing pain. Biofeedback (D) is a method of monitoring and controlling physiological responses, not a hands-on pain relief technique like counterpressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diphenhydramine. Pruritus is a common side effect of opioids like morphine. Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, can help alleviate itching by blocking histamine receptors. Low-dose naloxone infusion (A) is used to reverse opioid overdose, not treat pruritus. Dilaudid (C) and Sublimaze (D) are also opioids and would not be effective in treating pruritus caused by morphine. Diphenhydramine is the most appropriate choice for addressing this specific symptom.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Placental abruption. Placental abruption is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, leading to vaginal bleeding and fetal distress. The sudden increase in bleeding and fetal heart rate deceleration are hallmark signs of placental abruption. Placenta previa (choice A) involves bleeding without fetal distress. Uterine rupture (choice C) typically presents with severe abdominal pain and shock. Cervical laceration (choice D) would not cause fetal heart rate deceleration.