ATI RN
Principles of Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
What class of drug is clopidogrel?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clopidogrel is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, specifically an antiplatelet agent. It works by inhibiting the activation of platelets, preventing blood clot formation. This is important in conditions like heart attacks and strokes. A: Low-molecular-weight heparin is an anticoagulant, not an antiplatelet agent. B: Vitamin K antagonists like warfarin are anticoagulants, not antiplatelet agents. C: Direct thrombin inhibitors like dabigatran are anticoagulants, not antiplatelet agents. In summary, the correct answer is D because clopidogrel is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, which distinguishes it from the other choices that are anticoagulants.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse caring for a child with developmental delay prepares to teach the patient about prescribed drugs. Which actions are essential to ensure patient safety? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the child’s developmental age. It is important to consider the child's developmental age to tailor the teaching approach to their level of understanding and communication abilities. This ensures that the child comprehends the information provided and can follow medication instructions. Assessing for side effects experienced by adults (B) may not be relevant as children may have different reactions. Considering the actions and uses of the drug (C) is important but not specific to ensuring patient safety. Focusing on the child’s chronological age (D) may not account for their developmental delays and specific needs.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing a patient’s list of drugs. The nurse understands that the older adult’s slower absorption of oral drugs is primarily because of which phenomenon?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased gastric blood flow. In older adults, there is a decrease in gastric blood flow, which results in reduced absorption of oral drugs. This is due to age-related changes in the gastrointestinal system, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the stomach. This slowed blood flow affects the delivery of drugs to the site of absorption, resulting in slower absorption rates. Incorrect choices: A: Decreased cardiac output - While decreased cardiac output can affect overall drug distribution in the body, it does not directly impact the absorption of oral drugs in the stomach. B: Increased gastric emptying time - This would result in faster absorption, not slower absorption. D: Increased gastric acid secretion - While excessive gastric acid secretion can affect drug absorption, it does not explain the slower absorption in older adults.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is developing teaching materials for an 82-year-old African American man with macular degeneration, who is being discharged on two new drugs. Which strategies would be best to use to impart the information? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Limiting distractions in the room is crucial for the elderly with impaired vision to focus on learning. Step 2: Macular degeneration affects visual acuity, making it essential to create an optimal learning environment. Step 3: Removing distractions enhances attention and retention of information. Step 4: Waiting until discharge is not ideal as it may lead to forgetfulness and lack of immediate clarification. Step 5: Augmenting teaching with audio material may not be effective if visual impairment affects hearing as well. Step 6: Using terms of familiarity like "Honey" may be inappropriate and disrespectful.
Question 5 of 5
Which treatments will the nurse anticipate administering to a patient who has been admitted with alcohol toxicity? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thiamine. Thiamine is essential in treating alcohol toxicity to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Naloxone (A) is used for opioid overdose, not alcohol toxicity. Intravenous fluids (C) are given to treat dehydration but not specific to alcohol toxicity. Naltrexone (D) is used for alcohol dependence, not acute toxicity. Therefore, Thiamine is the most appropriate choice for treating alcohol toxicity.