What characterizes denervation of the afferent supply to the urinary bladder?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Afferent denervation (e.g., tabes dorsalis) causes loss of sensation/reflex micturition tonic bladder (can't contract), overflow dribbling. Hypertonic spasms need efferent loss different. Increased reflexes misalign efferent issue. Normal micturition requires intact nerves false. Afferent loss distinguishes it, critical for reflex abolition, unlike efferent or intact errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Inhibiting the pudendal nerve (somatic) contracts the external sphincter delays voiding (e.g., voluntary control). Pelvic nerve inhibition stops reflex misdirected. Hypogastric (sympathetic) inhibition relaxes bladder opposite. Parasympathetic inhibition halts contraction partial. Pudendal's role distinguishes it, critical for continence, unlike visceral or system-wide errors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The distal convoluted tubule has higher secretion e.g., H , K (fine-tuning) vs. proximal's organic focus (e.g., creatinine). Proximal secretes reabsorption dominates. Thin ascending/descending focus on concentration not secretion. Distal's secretion role distinguishes it, key to ion regulation, unlike proximal or loop priorities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sympathetic constriction of afferent/efferent arterioles lowers GFR less filtration, more Na reaches macula densa (e.g., reduced reabsorption upstream). GFR increase is opposite vasodilation. More Na in PCT reabsorption needs higher flow false. Filtered Na drops low GFR. Macula densa delivery distinguishes it, key to feedback, unlike GFR or reabsorption errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Moistening mouth/throat mucosa inhibits thirst signals hydration (e.g., sensory feedback). Stomach/intestinal stretch activates opposite. Both miscombine stretch stimulates. None ignores mucosa false. Mucosal relief distinguishes it, key to thirst cessation, unlike stretch or null options.