What characteristics are directly related to the newborn's decreased ability to maintain thermal stability?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Subcutaneous fat provides insulation, so decreased fat leads to heat loss. 2. A larger body surface-to-weight ratio means more heat loss through the skin. 3. Both factors contribute to the newborn's decreased ability to maintain thermal stability. 4. Blood vessels being farther from the skin (choice B) does not impact thermal stability directly. 5. Brown adipose tissue (choice C) is actually important for heat production in newborns. 6. Constant motion (choice D) may increase heat loss but is not a primary factor in thermal stability for newborns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: telangiectatic nevi. These are also known as "stork bites" or "angel kisses." The rationale for this choice is that telangiectatic nevi are pale pink spots commonly found on the nape of the neck in newborns, which typically fade over time. A: Nevus vasculosus is a different type of birthmark characterized by a red or purple color due to an overgrowth of blood vessels. B: Mongolian spots are bluish-gray birthmarks usually found on the lower back or buttocks. C: Nevus flammeus, also known as a port-wine stain, presents as a flat, pink, or red mark on the skin. In summary, the correct answer, telangiectatic nevi, is the most appropriate choice based on the description of the finding on the newborn's nape of the neck, while the other options describe different types of birthmarks with distinct characteristics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: magnesium sulfate for treatment of preeclampsia. Magnesium sulfate is commonly used to manage preeclampsia in pregnant women. Neonates born to mothers who received magnesium sulfate may exhibit 'frog-like' posturing due to the effects of the medication crossing the placenta. The other choices, A: fentanyl in the epidural, B: penicillin for treatment of group B strep infection, and D: prenatal vitamins, are not associated with causing 'frog-like' posturing in newborns. Fentanyl in the epidural is a pain medication, penicillin is an antibiotic, and prenatal vitamins are supplements that do not typically cause this specific posturing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because at 40 weeks, the testes should be descended into the scrotum. This is a normal developmental milestone for male newborns. Additionally, the presence of appropriate rugae on the scrotum indicates maturity. Choice A is incorrect as the scrotum should not be empty at this stage. Choice B is incorrect as the testes should be in the scrotum, not in the upper canal. Choice D is incorrect as pendulous testes and deep rugae are not typical characteristics of a 40-week preterm male newborn's genitalia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the Brazelton assessment is used to evaluate the newborn's neurobehavioral development and ability to interact with the environment. In this case, the 15-year-old parent may be at risk for delayed attachment due to her age and the circumstances of giving birth. The assessment can help identify any issues early on and provide appropriate interventions. Choice B is incorrect because the timing of when the newborn is going home is not relevant to the Brazelton assessment. Choice C is incorrect as the Electronic Health Record (EHR) prompting is not a valid reason to conduct the assessment. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication that the infant is withdrawing from a substance.