ATI RN
Neurological System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
What central fiber tract connects forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: medial forebrain bundle. This tract connects the forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus, playing a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions. It is involved in the control of emotions, reward pathways, and feeding behaviors. The other choices are incorrect because: A) cardiac accelerator nerve is involved in regulating heart rate, not connecting forebrain structures with the hypothalamus; C) dorsal longitudinal fasciculus is associated with eye movements and visual processing, not connecting forebrain with the hypothalamus; D) corticospinal tract is responsible for voluntary motor movements, not involved in connecting forebrain structures with the hypothalamus.
Question 2 of 5
The wife of a 65-year-old man tells the nurse that she is concerned because she has noticed a change in her husband's personality and ability to understand. He also cries very easily and becomes angry. The nurse recalls that the cerebral lobe responsible for these behaviors is the __________ lobe.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frontal lobe. The frontal lobe is responsible for personality, emotional expression, decision-making, reasoning, and problem-solving. Changes in personality, emotional instability, and difficulty with understanding can indicate dysfunction in the frontal lobe. The other lobes (parietal, occipital, temporal) are primarily involved in different functions such as sensory processing (parietal), visual processing (occipital), and memory, language, and auditory processing (temporal). In this case, the symptoms described by the wife suggest a problem with the frontal lobe, making it the correct choice.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse practitioner is assessing an adult patient with a seizure disorder that is well controlled on phenytoin (Dilantin). What new finding indicates that a phenytoin drug level assessment is needed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a flat affect and anxiety can indicate potential phenytoin toxicity, which warrants a drug level assessment. Phenytoin toxicity can manifest as neurological symptoms such as mood changes and cognitive impairment. Options A and B are unrelated to phenytoin levels. Option C indicates normal vital signs and is not a specific indicator of phenytoin toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
A woman wears a size 7 shoe. She says, My feet are huge. I've asked three orthopedists to surgically reduce my feet. The patient tries to buy shoes to make her feet look smaller and, in social settings, conceals both feet under a table or chair. Which health problem is likely?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Body dysmorphic disorder. This disorder involves a preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance that are not observable to others. In this case, the woman's belief that her feet are huge despite wearing a size 7 shoe indicates a distorted body image. She seeks surgical interventions and hides her feet, which are characteristic behaviors of individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. A: Dissociative amnesia with fugue involves memory loss and wandering behavior, which are not exhibited in this scenario. B: Illness anxiety disorder involves excessive worry about having a serious illness, which is not the focus of the woman's concern. D: Dissociative identity disorder involves the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states, which is not evident in this case.
Question 5 of 5
A patient says, I know I have a brain tumor despite the results of the magnetic resonance image (MRI). The radiologist is wrong. People who have brain tumors vomit, and yesterday I vomited all day. Which response by the nurse fosters cognitive restructuring?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it encourages the patient to consider alternative explanations for their symptoms, which is key in cognitive restructuring. By exploring other possible reasons for the vomiting, the patient is guided to challenge their automatic assumption of having a brain tumor. This approach helps the patient to reevaluate their thoughts and beliefs in a more rational manner. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A: This response dismisses the patient's concerns without addressing the underlying irrational belief. It does not promote cognitive restructuring. C: While acknowledging the patient's emotions is important, this response does not actively challenge the patient's irrational belief or encourage critical thinking. D: Changing the subject does not address the patient's cognitive distortions and does not facilitate cognitive restructuring.