What breath sounds are commonly auscultated in clients with heart failure?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fine crackles. In heart failure, fluid accumulates in the lungs, causing small airways to pop open during inhalation, resulting in fine crackles. Tracheal sounds (A) are heard over the trachea, not in the lungs. Coarse crackles (C) indicate fluid in the larger airways, not specific to heart failure. Friction rubs (D) are caused by inflammation of the pericardial sac, not typically heard in heart failure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Counselor. Nurses provide emotional support and guidance to help clients cope with their emotional problems. Counseling involves active listening, empathy, and skillful communication to help clients explore their feelings and develop coping strategies. Advocacy (A) involves speaking on behalf of the client, teaching (B) involves educating clients about their health, and leadership (D) involves guiding and directing a group or team, which are not directly related to helping clients cope with emotional problems.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Teacher. Nurses provide health teaching to educate and empower individuals to make informed choices for behavior change. Teaching involves providing information, skills, and resources to promote positive health outcomes. Caregiver (A) involves providing physical care. Communicator (B) focuses on conveying information. Change Agent (D) refers to facilitating and supporting change but doesn't encompass the educational aspect essential for behavior change.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because asking the client to take a deep breath and hold it before removing the NGT helps prevent aspiration of the tube contents into the lungs. This action creates positive pressure in the chest, reducing the risk of aspiration. A: Confirming the physician's order is important but not directly related to the physical act of removing the NGT. C: Pinching the tube with a gloved hand is unnecessary and may cause discomfort or damage to the tube. D: Asking the client to exhale while removing the tube may increase the risk of aspiration as it creates negative pressure in the chest.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a normal oxygen saturation range is between 95-98%. This range indicates adequate oxygen levels in arterial blood. Choice B is incorrect because oximetry measures oxygen saturation of arterial blood, not venous blood. Choice C is incorrect as fasting is not required for pulse oximetry. Choice D is incorrect as pulse oximetry is a non-invasive tool used for quick oxygen saturation monitoring, not a replacement for arterial blood gas analysis.