What assessment data will the nurse gather when caring for a client with anxiety?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In caring for a client with anxiety, the nurse will gather assessment data to understand the client's physiological responses. The correct answer is B) Increased heart rate. Anxiety triggers the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in heart rate as the body prepares for a "fight or flight" response. This physiological response is a hallmark sign of anxiety. Option A) High blood pressure can be a common finding in chronic anxiety, but it is not the initial physiological response and may not always be present in all clients with anxiety. Option C) Decreased oxygen supply is not typically a direct result of anxiety but can occur in severe cases or in conjunction with a panic attack. Option D) Muscle relaxation is not a typical assessment finding in clients with anxiety. In contrast, muscle tension or restlessness is more commonly associated with anxiety. In an educational context, understanding the physiological manifestations of anxiety is crucial for nurses to provide holistic care. By recognizing these signs, nurses can intervene appropriately to help clients manage their anxiety and promote overall well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Flashbacks are a hallmark symptom of PTSD, where individuals re-experience past traumatic events as if they are happening in the present. This is due to the profound impact of the traumatic experience on the individual's psyche. Option B) Phobic disorder is incorrect because phobic disorders involve irrational fears of specific objects or situations, leading to avoidance behaviors, rather than flashbacks of past traumas. Option C) Anxiety disorder is a broad category that includes various conditions like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. While flashbacks can be distressing and lead to anxiety, the specific symptom described here is more indicative of PTSD. Option D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Flashbacks are not a typical symptom of OCD, making this option incorrect in the context of the question. Educationally, understanding the specific symptoms associated with different mental health disorders is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in nursing practice. Recognizing the unique features of PTSD, such as flashbacks, can aid in accurate diagnosis, treatment, and support for patients experiencing this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical nursing, understanding the assessment data for a suicidal client is crucial for providing appropriate care and intervention. The correct answer, "D) Enhanced digestion," is supported by the fact that individuals who are suicidal may experience increased levels of stress, which can impact their digestive system. Stress hormones can lead to increased digestive activity, which manifests as enhanced digestion in this population. Option A, "Increased alertness," is not typically indicative of a suicidal client. In fact, individuals contemplating suicide may exhibit signs of hopelessness, helplessness, and decreased interest in activities, rather than increased alertness. Option B, "Lower immune response," while stress and mental health conditions can impact the immune system, it is not a specific or common assessment finding related to suicidal ideation. Option C, "Faster metabolism," is not a direct indicator of suicidality. Metabolic changes are not typically used as primary assessment data for identifying suicidal tendencies. Educationally, understanding these assessment data points is vital for nurses and healthcare providers to recognize the subtle signs and symptoms of suicidal ideation in patients. By focusing on relevant indicators like changes in digestion, mood, and behavior, healthcare professionals can intervene early and provide the necessary support and care for individuals at risk of self-harm.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In clients administering carbamazepine for bipolar disorder, the most relevant risk is "Risk for infection" (Option D). This is because carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant medication commonly used in bipolar disorder, can suppress the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections. The drug can lower white blood cell count, especially neutrophils, which are crucial in fighting infections. Therefore, monitoring for signs of infection and educating patients on the importance of infection prevention are vital. Option A, "Risk for injury," is less directly associated with carbamazepine use in bipolar disorder. While some side effects like dizziness or drowsiness may increase the risk of injury indirectly, infection risk is more pertinent. Option B, "Risk for self-directed violence," is a common concern in bipolar disorder due to mood fluctuations, but carbamazepine itself does not directly impact this risk. Option C, "Risk for imbalanced nutrition," is also a common concern in bipolar disorder due to changes in appetite or dietary habits, but it is not specifically linked to carbamazepine use. Understanding the specific risks associated with medications used in mental health conditions is crucial for nurses to provide holistic care to clients. Monitoring for potential side effects and educating patients on how to minimize these risks are essential components of nursing practice in pharmacology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding eating disorders is essential for nurses to provide holistic care. The correct answer is D) Anorexia nervosa, which involves self-starvation leading to dangerously low body weight. This disorder is characterized by extreme fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, and restricted food intake. Option A) Binge-eating disorder involves consuming large amounts of food in a short period, but without compensatory behaviors like purging or excessive exercise. Option B) Bulimarexia is a non-existent term, likely a combination of bulimia and anorexia. Option C) Bulimia nervosa involves episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as vomiting or using laxatives. Educationally, understanding these distinctions is crucial for nurses to recognize symptoms, provide appropriate care, and refer patients to mental health professionals for comprehensive treatment. Recognizing anorexia nervosa as the disorder involving self-starvation is vital in addressing the physical and psychological complexities of this condition.