What are the two phases of Type I hypersensitivity?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Immediate phase and late phase. In Type I hypersensitivity, the immediate phase occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen, leading to the release of mediators like histamine. The late phase occurs several hours later, involving sustained inflammatory response. A: Early phase and latent phase - Incorrect because the terms do not accurately describe the phases of Type I hypersensitivity. C: Acute phase and chronic phase - Incorrect because Type I hypersensitivity does not typically progress to a chronic phase. D: Primary phase and secondary phase - Incorrect as these terms are not commonly used to describe the phases of Type I hypersensitivity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor. In Grave's disease, autoantibodies bind to and activate the TSH receptor on thyroid cells, leading to hyperthyroidism. This is a Type II hypersensitivity reaction. Insulin receptor (A) is not involved in Grave's disease. Complement receptor (C) is not the target in this condition. CD4 receptor (D) is primarily involved in T cell activation, not in Grave's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because macrophages play a crucial role in granuloma formation by engulfing antigens but failing to destroy them, leading to the formation of a cluster of immune cells to contain the persistent antigen. Macrophages present antigens to T cells, triggering an immune response. Other choices are incorrect as macrophages do not neutralize histamine, stimulate IgE production, or produce antibodies against antigens in the context of granuloma formation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct action by the nurse is to ensure a patent airway while calling the Rapid Response Team (Choice C). This is because the client is showing signs of angioedema, a potential adverse reaction to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Angioedema can lead to airway compromise and respiratory distress, hence ensuring a patent airway is crucial. Additionally, calling the Rapid Response Team will allow for immediate medical intervention and monitoring of the client's condition. Choice A (Administer epinephrine) is incorrect as epinephrine is not the first-line treatment for angioedema associated with ACE inhibitors. Choice B (Apply oxygen) is not sufficient to address the potential airway compromise. Choice D (Reassure the client) is inappropriate as the client's condition requires immediate action to address the potential airway obstruction.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.