What are the two main layers of the skin?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing protection and waterproofing. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. The hypodermis is not a main layer of the skin but rather a subcutaneous layer of fat beneath the dermis. Dermis and hypodermis do not make up the two main layers of the skin. Therefore, option A is correct as it accurately identifies the two main layers of the skin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because an elevated CEA level after completing chemotherapy for colorectal cancer indicates the possibility of residual or recurrent tumor. CEA is a tumor marker that can indicate the presence of cancer cells in the body. Elevated levels post-chemotherapy could suggest that not all cancer cells were eliminated, leading to the potential for a recurrence. Choice A is incorrect because an elevated CEA level does not definitively mean the patient is cured. Choice C is incorrect as chemotherapy typically targets cancer cells and not the liver itself. Choice D is incorrect since an elevated CEA level does not indicate the need for isolation but rather further investigation for potential tumor recurrence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dietary restrictions. Warfarin interacts with vitamin K, so consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods is crucial for maintaining the drug's effectiveness. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as driving restrictions, follow-up laboratory monitoring, and possible drug interactions are important but not specific discharge instructions for warfarin therapy. Warfarin therapy requires strict dietary management to prevent complications like clotting or bleeding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Germinativum. The stratum spinosum and stratum basale are together known as the stratum germinativum because they are the layers of the epidermis where cell division and renewal occur. The stratum lucidum is a clear layer found only in thick skin, stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead skin cells, and stratum granulosum is the layer where keratinocytes undergo transformation. These choices are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to the layers responsible for cell division and renewal in the epidermis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skin. Pacinian corpuscles are sensory receptors responsible for detecting pressure and vibration. They are located in the skin's deeper layers, particularly in the subcutaneous tissue. These receptors adapt quickly to changes in pressure, making them ideal for detecting dynamic stimuli. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as Pacinian corpuscles are not typically found in the alimentary canal, liver, or lungs. The specific location of Pacinian corpuscles in the skin is crucial for their function in sensing external stimuli and transmitting sensory information to the brain.