What are the three types of crises?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Situational, maturational, and adventitious. Situational crises arise from external events, maturational crises occur due to life transitions, and adventitious crises result from unexpected disasters. Choice B focuses on different aspects rather than types of crises. Choice C refers to the duration of crises, not their types. Choice D categorizes crises based on different contexts rather than types. Therefore, A is correct as it accurately identifies the three distinct types of crises based on their nature and origin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because altruism promotes helping others, sublimation channels negative impulses into positive actions, suppression temporarily sets aside unwanted thoughts, and humor helps cope with stress. Repression (B) involves pushing away unpleasant thoughts, displacement redirects emotions to a safer target, reaction formation masks true feelings, and rationalization justifies behaviors. Passive aggression (C) involves indirect hostility, splitting sees things as all good or all bad, projection attributes one's own thoughts to others, and denial refuses to acknowledge reality. Avoidance (D) avoids confronting issues, denial rejects the truth, repression suppresses thoughts, and projection blames others for one's own feelings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because repression, displacement, reaction formation, and rationalization are all examples of intermediate defenses according to psychoanalytic theory. These defenses involve unconsciously distorting reality to cope with anxiety or conflict. Repression involves pushing unacceptable thoughts or feelings into the unconscious. Displacement redirects emotions from a threatening target to a less threatening one. Reaction formation involves expressing the opposite of one's true feelings. Rationalization involves creating logical explanations to justify unacceptable behaviors. The other choices (B, C, D) include defense mechanisms that do not fall under the category of intermediate defenses based on psychoanalytic theory.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: splitting. Splitting is a defense mechanism where individuals perceive people or situations as all good or all bad, unable to integrate the positive and negative qualities. This leads to black-and-white thinking and can impact relationships. Choice A (meeting others' needs) is more aligned with altruism. Choice B (substituting impulses) refers to sublimation. Choice C (denying disturbing feelings) is characteristic of denial. In contrast, splitting involves the inability to reconcile conflicting qualities, leading to extreme perceptions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because depression is characterized by a variety of symptoms including depressed mood, changes in sleep patterns, indecisiveness, decreased concentration, suicidal ideation, and changes in motor activity. Each of the other choices (A, B, C) only lists a subset of depression symptoms and do not encompass the full range of signs seen in individuals with depression. Therefore, only option D, "All of the above," is comprehensive and includes all the key symptoms associated with depression.