What are the S/S of depression?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because depression is characterized by a variety of symptoms including depressed mood, changes in sleep patterns, indecisiveness, decreased concentration, suicidal ideation, and changes in motor activity. Each of the other choices (A, B, C) only lists a subset of depression symptoms and do not encompass the full range of signs seen in individuals with depression. Therefore, only option D, "All of the above," is comprehensive and includes all the key symptoms associated with depression.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: MAST. MAST is specifically designed to screen for alcohol abuse and has been widely validated for this purpose. It consists of 25 questions that assess various aspects of alcohol use and related problems. The other choices are incorrect because: B: CAGE focuses on identifying alcohol dependence rather than abuse. C: AUDIT is used to identify risky or harmful drinking patterns, not necessarily abuse. D: BDI is a questionnaire for assessing depression, unrelated to alcohol abuse screening. In summary, MAST is the preferred questionnaire for possible alcohol abuse due to its specific focus and extensive validation in this area.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because serotonin is primarily known for its role in mood regulation and arousal. Serotonin helps regulate emotions, sleep, and appetite. It is involved in various mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. Choice B is incorrect because serotonin is not primarily involved in cognition and motivation. Choice C is incorrect as serotonin is not primarily involved in pain perception and muscle relaxation. Choice D is incorrect as serotonin is not primarily involved in learning and memory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Norepinephrine increase is associated with mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia due to its role in the brain's stress response. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, alertness, and arousal. Increased levels can lead to symptoms seen in mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Depression is not typically associated with increased norepinephrine levels. Parkinson's disease is linked to dopamine deficiency, not norepinephrine. Alzheimer's disease is associated with acetylcholine and amyloid plaques, not norepinephrine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety. A decrease in GABA levels can lead to an increase in anxiety, mania, and schizophrenia. Option A is incorrect as GABA reduction does not result in a reduction in anxiety. Option C is incorrect as depression is not typically associated with a decrease in GABA levels. Option D is incorrect as GABA dysfunction is not a primary factor in Parkinson's disease.