What are the names of common benzodiazepines?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clonazepam, diazepam, and alprazolam. These are common benzodiazepines used to treat anxiety disorders and other conditions. Clonazepam, diazepam, and alprazolam are all examples of benzodiazepines with known anxiolytic properties. Choice B, Fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine, are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used for treating depression and other mood disorders, not benzodiazepines. Choice C, Lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine, are mood stabilizers commonly used to treat bipolar disorder and epilepsy, not benzodiazepines. Choice D is incorrect because there are indeed common benzodiazepines available for clinical use.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Disulfiram (Antabuse) is used to treat alcohol abuse by causing unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed. It acts as a deterrent to drinking. Choice A is correct due to its specific mechanism of action. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as disulfiram is not indicated for depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia. Each of these conditions requires different medications with distinct modes of action.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose. 2. It can cause withdrawal symptoms such as increased BP, tremors, hyperventilation, nausea, vomiting, and agitation. 3. Therefore, when administering naloxone, one should watch for all these potential side effects to effectively manage the patient's condition. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect as it only mentions increased BP and tremors, missing other possible side effects. - Choice B is incorrect as it only includes hyperventilation and nausea, neglecting other potential symptoms. - Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on vomiting and agitation, overlooking other expected adverse effects of naloxone.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Opioids can cause respiratory depression, urinary retention, confusion, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Respiratory depression is a serious SE that can be life-threatening. Urinary retention is common due to opioid effects on the bladder. Confusion and constipation are also common SEs. Nausea and vomiting are frequently reported with opioid use. Therefore, all the listed SEs can occur with opioid use.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because alcohol withdrawal symptoms encompass a range of physical and psychological manifestations. Jerky tremors and diaphoresis indicate the physical effects, while abdominal cramps and hyper-alertness reflect the psychological aspect. Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate are also common signs. Therefore, all options (A, B, and C) are accurate manifestations of alcohol withdrawal. Each symptom represents different aspects of the body's response to the absence of alcohol, making D the correct and comprehensive choice.