What are the major risk factors common to the above mentioned 4 major NCDs?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Unhealthy diet contributes to conditions like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Step 2: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers. Step 3: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Summary: B is incorrect as it mentions hypertension and poor stress management, which are not common to all 4 NCDs. C is incorrect as it includes obesity, not common to all 4 NCDs. D is incorrect as it includes alcoholism, which is not common to all 4 NCDs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because increasing community awareness of diabetes prevention can help educate the public on lifestyle changes and risk factors. This empowers individuals to make healthier choices, ultimately reducing the incidence of diabetes. Conducting extensive screening (A) focuses on detection rather than prevention. Facilitating the implementation of a specific act (B) may not be feasible or effective in all settings. Establishing support groups (C) is beneficial for those already diagnosed but does not directly address prevention on a larger scale.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Health education. This learning process focuses on improving health through knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Health education aims to empower individuals to make informed decisions for their well-being. Motivating (A) is about encouraging action, counseling (B) involves providing guidance and support, and disease prevention (C) targets specific strategies to reduce the risk of illnesses. In this context, health education encompasses a broader approach to promoting overall health and wellness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Consider food preferences of family members. This is not the best approach because addressing nutrition problems related to non-communicable diseases requires focusing on evidence-based strategies that prioritize health outcomes over personal preferences. A: Aim for ideal body weight is important for overall health. C: Build healthy nutrition-related practices promotes long-term positive habits. D: Choose food wisely emphasizes making informed choices. B, however, may lead to compromising nutritional quality for taste preferences, which can hinder efforts to combat non-communicable diseases effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order of steps in active management of the third stage of labor includes: 1) Intramuscular injection of oxytocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, 2) Controlled cord traction with counter traction to the uterus to facilitate placental delivery, and 3) Uterine massage to aid in uterine contraction and reduce bleeding. Rationale for Correct Answer (C): - Intramuscular oxytocin is administered first to prevent excessive bleeding. - Controlled cord traction with counter traction assists in the gentle delivery of the placenta. - Uterine massage helps the uterus contract and reduce the risk of hemorrhage. Summary of Incorrect Choices: - A (Incorrect): Incorrect order of steps, ergometrine administration is not recommended. - B (Incorrect): Incorrect order, fundal massage should be done after cord traction. - D (Incorrect): Incorrect order, oxytocin should be administered before cord traction.