What are the main health and safety responsibilities of an employer?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is option B: "To protect the health, safety and welfare of their employees and others who may be affected by their business." This option is correct because it accurately reflects the main responsibility of an employer in terms of health and safety regulations. Employers have a legal and moral obligation to ensure a safe working environment for their employees and any other individuals who may be impacted by their business operations. Option A is incorrect because simply informing employees through risk assessments is not sufficient to fulfill the comprehensive duty of ensuring health and safety. Employers must take proactive measures to prevent hazards and mitigate risks in the workplace. Option C is incorrect because providing good pay and additional holiday benefits, while important for employee satisfaction, is not directly related to the primary responsibility of ensuring health and safety in the workplace. Option D is incorrect because while collaborating with other companies can be beneficial for sharing best practices, the primary responsibility for health and safety lies with the individual employer to protect their own employees and stakeholders. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals, including nurses caring for neurosurgery patients, to understand the legal and ethical obligations of employers in maintaining a safe work environment. This knowledge ensures that healthcare providers can advocate for their own safety and well-being while delivering quality care to patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of communication in nursing care, the correct answer, D) Attentiveness to a patient's verbal and non-verbal messages, is the most appropriate choice when silence is observed. When a nurse remains silent during a patient interaction, it signifies active listening, attentiveness, and respect for the patient's thoughts and emotions. This allows the patient to express themselves fully without interruption, fostering a therapeutic environment and building trust between the nurse and patient. Option A) A strategy to relieve stress, is incorrect because while silence can indeed create a calm atmosphere, in the context of communication with a patient, it is more about actively listening and responding appropriately. Option B) Understanding ability of another person's reality, is incorrect as it does not capture the essence of silence in communication. Understanding can be demonstrated through verbal and non-verbal cues rather than just silence. Option C) Pondering on decisions that require much thought, is also incorrect as this option implies that silence is related to the nurse's decision-making process rather than focusing on the patient's messages. In an educational context, it is crucial for nursing students to understand the nuances of communication in patient care. Active listening and effective communication are essential skills for providing quality nursing care, especially in sensitive areas like neurosurgery. By recognizing the significance of silence in communication, nurses can better connect with their patients, understand their needs, and provide holistic care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: (i), (iii), (iv), and (v). In client-centered counseling, individuals are viewed as rational beings capable of understanding and making decisions about their own lives (i). They are also seen as socialized, meaning they have been influenced by societal norms and values and have developed within a social context (iii). Additionally, individuals are considered constructive, as they have the ability to grow, change, and develop in positive ways (iv). Finally, the belief that individuals are forward-moving suggests that they have the inherent capacity for personal growth and progress (v). Option A is incorrect because it includes (ii) Self-centered, which is not a characteristic of client-centered counseling. The focus is on the client's self-direction and growth rather than being self-centered. Option C is incorrect because it does not include the aspect of being socialized (iii), which is a key element in understanding the individual within their social context and influences. Option D is incorrect because it excludes the aspect of being constructive (iv), which is essential in acknowledging the individual's potential for positive change and growth. Educationally, understanding the core principles of client-centered counseling is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially when providing care to neurosurgery patients who may require emotional support and guidance. Recognizing the rational, socialized, constructive, and forward-moving nature of individuals can help nurses tailor their communication and care strategies to better meet the unique needs of each patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) A 66-year-old Singaporean who is ADL and IADL independent, and stays in an owner-occupied HDB flat. The EASE program is specifically designed for Singaporeans aged 65 and above who reside in owner-occupied HDB flats and are generally independent in their activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Option A is incorrect because the individual is ADL dependent and lives in a Terrace House, not an owner-occupied HDB flat. Option B is incorrect because the individual is only 45 years old and ADL dependent, not meeting the age requirement for the program. Option D is incorrect because the individual is a Singaporean aged 69 who is unable to do one ADL and lives in an HDB rental flat, which does not meet the criteria for the EASE program. Educationally, understanding eligibility criteria for government programs like EASE is crucial for healthcare providers working with older adults. By knowing the specific requirements, nurses can help guide patients and their families to access appropriate support services to enhance their living conditions and quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Femoral nerve. The femoral nerve innervates the medial aspect of the lower leg through its branch, the saphenous nerve. Blocking the femoral nerve would effectively anesthetize this region for an operation at the medial aspect of the lower leg. Option B) Common peroneal nerve primarily innervates the lateral aspect of the lower leg and dorsum of the foot, so it would not provide appropriate anesthesia for the medial aspect of the lower leg. Option C) Tibial nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the lower leg and plantar aspect of the foot, not the medial aspect of the lower leg, making it an incorrect choice. Option D) Sciatic nerve is a large nerve that innervates the posterior thigh and entire lower leg, but not specifically the medial aspect of the lower leg. Understanding the innervation of different nerves is crucial for providing effective anesthesia and managing postoperative care in nursing practice, especially in neurosurgery settings where precise nerve blocks are essential for optimal patient outcomes.