What are the different types of skin appendages?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Skin appendages include hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, and ceruminous glands. Hair, nails, and glands (sweat, sebaceous, apocrine, ceruminous) are all considered skin appendages as they originate from the epidermis or dermis. These structures serve various functions such as thermoregulation, protection, sensation, and secretion. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it encompasses all the different types of skin appendages. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not include all the types of skin appendages listed in the question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ask if the weight loss was intended. This is the best action because unintentional weight loss in an obese client may indicate underlying health issues. By asking if the weight loss was intended, the nurse can assess if there are any concerning factors contributing to the weight loss. Summary of other choices: B: Encouraging a high-protein, high-fiber diet may be beneficial for weight management but does not address the potential underlying causes of weight loss. C: Measuring for new compression stockings is not the priority when assessing unintended weight loss. D: Reviewing a 3-day food diary is important for overall nutrition assessment but does not directly address the reason for the weight loss.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the integument, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, performs various functions such as protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and vitamin D production. It acts as a barrier against pathogens and UV radiation, regulates body temperature through sweat production, and contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure, and temperature. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while the integument does give shape to the body, protect the body, and contain growth inhibitors to some extent, these functions alone do not fully encompass the wide range of roles performed by the integument.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." The colouration of the skin depends on the amount of blood in its blood vessels (A), as blood vessels can give the skin a pink or red hue. The inherent yellowish colour of its tissue (B) also contributes to skin colour, especially in lighter skin tones. Additionally, the amount of melanin in its tissue (C) plays a significant role in determining skin colour, with more melanin leading to darker skin tones. Therefore, all of these factors collectively influence the colouration of the skin, making option D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stratum spinosum. The prickle-cell layer is another name for the stratum spinosum. This layer is located between the stratum basale and stratum granulosum in the epidermis. It consists of cells that appear spiny under a microscope due to desmosomes between them. These desmosomes give the cells a prickle-like appearance. The stratum corneum (B) is the outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead keratinocytes. The stratum germinativum (C) is another name for the stratum basale, the deepest layer of the epidermis where cell division occurs. Choice D is incorrect as the prickle-cell layer does have a specific name, which is the stratum spinosum.