What are the characteristics of conversion disorder?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because conversion disorder presents with symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions. This is a key characteristic of conversion disorder where patients experience physical symptoms without a known medical explanation. These symptoms are not under conscious control and do not follow the typical pattern of neurological conditions. Choice B is incorrect because symptoms of conversion disorder are not linked to a specific cause but rather arise unconsciously. Choice C is incorrect as symptoms of conversion disorder cannot be easily explained by medical tests as they are psychological in nature. Choice D is incorrect because while conversion disorder is often related to psychological factors, it is not always the primary cause of the symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because serotonin is primarily known for its role in mood regulation and arousal. Serotonin helps regulate emotions, sleep, and appetite. It is involved in various mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. Choice B is incorrect because serotonin is not primarily involved in cognition and motivation. Choice C is incorrect as serotonin is not primarily involved in pain perception and muscle relaxation. Choice D is incorrect as serotonin is not primarily involved in learning and memory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Norepinephrine increase is associated with mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia due to its role in the brain's stress response. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, alertness, and arousal. Increased levels can lead to symptoms seen in mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Depression is not typically associated with increased norepinephrine levels. Parkinson's disease is linked to dopamine deficiency, not norepinephrine. Alzheimer's disease is associated with acetylcholine and amyloid plaques, not norepinephrine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety. A decrease in GABA levels can lead to an increase in anxiety, mania, and schizophrenia. Option A is incorrect as GABA reduction does not result in a reduction in anxiety. Option C is incorrect as depression is not typically associated with a decrease in GABA levels. Option D is incorrect as GABA dysfunction is not a primary factor in Parkinson's disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on softening the impact of an ongoing illness or injury by managing complications, preventing disability, and improving quality of life. It comes after primary (preventing disease/injury) and secondary (early detection/treatment) prevention. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to primary prevention. Choice B is incorrect because it relates to secondary prevention. Choice D is incorrect as it specifically addresses treating existing diseases rather than focusing on managing ongoing illness or injury. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer for tertiary prevention.