What are the characteristics of a patient with borderline personality disorder?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability of affect (A), identity, and relationships. Patients with BPD often exhibit fear of abandonment and engage in manipulative behaviors (B). Additionally, impulsivity and self-injurious behaviors are common features of BPD (C). These characteristics are core symptoms of BPD as outlined in the diagnostic criteria. Therefore, choosing all the options (D) is the correct answer because individuals with BPD typically display a combination of these features.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotions are transferred from a threatening object to a nonthreatening one. This allows individuals to redirect their feelings in a safer way. In contrast, choice A refers to altruism, B refers to sublimation, and C refers to denial, all different defense mechanisms not related to displacement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: A defense mechanism where unacceptable personal features are attributed to others. This is known as projection, where individuals unconsciously attribute their own undesirable traits, feelings, or impulses onto others. This defense mechanism allows individuals to avoid dealing with their own uncomfortable emotions by projecting them onto someone else. This helps maintain their self-image and reduces anxiety. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: A defense mechanism where emotional conflicts are addressed by meeting the needs of others. This describes the defense mechanism of altruism, not projection. B: A defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are substituted with constructive activities. This describes the defense mechanism of sublimation, not projection. C: A defense mechanism where disturbing feelings are constantly denied. This describes the defense mechanism of denial, not projection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sullivan's interpersonal relationship theory. Peplau was influenced by Sullivan's emphasis on interpersonal relationships in therapy, which aligns with Peplau's focus on nurse-client relationships in her theory of interpersonal relations. This influence is evident in Peplau's emphasis on the therapeutic nurse-client relationship as a central element in psychiatric nursing practice. Summary: B: Freud's psychoanalytic theory does not directly align with Peplau's emphasis on interpersonal relationships. C: Maslow's hierarchy of needs focuses on human motivation, which is different from Peplau's focus on therapeutic relationships. D: Erikson's stages of psychosocial development do not directly relate to Peplau's emphasis on nurse-client relationships in psychiatric nursing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because conversion disorder can manifest in various ways, including involuntary movements, seizures, paralysis, abnormal gait, anesthesia, blindness, deafness, and other sensory deficits. These symptoms are not due to any known medical condition but are believed to be a result of psychological distress. Choices A, B, and C each describe common symptoms associated with conversion disorder, making them incorrect individually. Only by selecting option D can we encompass the range of symptoms typically seen in conversion disorder.