ATI RN
Safety Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
What are the adverse effects of Orlistat? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Orlistat is a medication that works by blocking the absorption of fats in the intestine. Step 2: This leads to increased fat content in the stool, causing oily spotting as a common adverse effect. Step 3: Fecal urgency, bloody stool, and fatty stool are not typical adverse effects of Orlistat. Step 4: Fecal urgency is more common with stimulant laxatives, bloody stool may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, and fatty stool is not a recognized side effect of Orlistat. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D (Oily spotting) as it aligns with the mechanism of action of Orlistat, while the other options are not associated with this medication.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following hormones is primarily released by the thyroid gland?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Free T4 (FT4). The thyroid gland primarily releases thyroid hormones T4 and T3, with FT4 being the active form. Calcitonin is released by the thyroid but is not a primary hormone. TRH is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate TSH release from the pituitary gland. TSH is released by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid to produce and release T4 and T3. Therefore, C is the correct answer as FT4 is one of the primary hormones directly released by the thyroid gland.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who recently begun hormone replacement therapy with estrogen asks you how the hormone will affect her non-reproductive tissues. Which response(s) are appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because estrogen affects various non-reproductive tissues in the body. Estrogen can reduce low-density lipoproteins (B), which are associated with cardiovascular risk. It also suppresses bone resorption (C), aiding in bone health. Additionally, estrogen can both promote and suppress coagulation (D), influencing blood clotting factors. Therefore, all the answers are correct as estrogen has a wide-ranging impact on non-reproductive tissues.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been prescribed Citalopram (Celexa) to treat his depression. Education regarding how quickly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants work would be:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. SSRI antidepressants like Citalopram typically take time to build up in the body and exert their full therapeutic effects. 2. It usually takes about 2 to 4 weeks to start noticing improvements in symptoms like mood, appetite, and concentration. 3. The full response to the SSRI may take 2 to 4 months after reaching the full therapeutic dose due to the gradual adjustment of serotonin levels. 4. Therefore, educating the patient that full response may take 2 to 4 months after reaching the full therapeutic dose is important for managing expectations and ensuring compliance with the treatment plan. Summary: - Option A is incorrect as improvements in symptoms do not occur immediately upon starting Citalopram. - Option C is incorrect as improvements in appetite and concentration typically take longer than 1 to 2 weeks. - Option D is incorrect as the improvement in dysphoric mood may take longer than 1 to 2 weeks.
Question 5 of 5
Which statement(s) about liberation of drugs is/are true? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: all the above. A: A drug must be dissolved in body fluids before it can be absorbed into body tissues - True, as drugs need to be in a soluble form to pass through cell membranes. B: A solid drug taken orally must disintegrate and dissolve in GI fluids to allow for absorption - True, as solid drugs need to be broken down for absorption. C: The process of converting the drug into a soluble form can be controlled by the dosage form - True, as different dosage forms affect drug dissolution. Summary: All statements are true as they explain crucial aspects of drug liberation necessary for absorption and efficacy.