What are life-threatening complications of shock?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and adult medical-surgical care, understanding the life-threatening complications of shock is crucial for providing safe and effective patient care. In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Kidney failure. Kidney failure, also known as acute renal failure, is a common life-threatening complication of shock. In shock, inadequate tissue perfusion can lead to a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, causing acute tubular necrosis and ultimately kidney failure. This can result in a build-up of waste products and electrolyte imbalances, leading to serious consequences if not promptly addressed. Option A) Catheter infection is a potential complication of shock but is not typically considered life-threatening compared to kidney failure. Pulmonary edema (B) can occur in shock due to fluid shifts, but while serious, it is often manageable with interventions like diuretics and oxygen therapy. Stasis ulcers (D) are more commonly associated with venous insufficiency rather than shock-related complications. Educationally, understanding the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of shock-related complications is essential for nurses and healthcare providers. Recognizing the signs of impending kidney failure in a patient in shock allows for early intervention and prevention of further deterioration. By prioritizing the assessment and management of potential life-threatening complications like kidney failure, healthcare professionals can improve patient outcomes and provide holistic care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) About how the client is coping with the visual problems. This is the most important information to gather because losing vision can have significant psychological and emotional impacts. As a nurse, understanding how the client is coping emotionally and mentally with this new impairment is crucial for providing holistic care. Option A) About the client’s diet, while important for overall health, is not the priority when a client has recently turned blind. Option B) About the client’s allergy history and C) About the client’s family’s medical history are also relevant but not as immediate as assessing the client's coping mechanisms with their new visual impairment. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of addressing the psychosocial aspects of care in addition to the physical. Nurses need to be skilled in assessing and supporting clients through significant life changes, such as loss of vision, to provide comprehensive care. Understanding the emotional impact of such changes is essential for promoting the client's overall well-being and quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). PRK involves removing the epithelial layer of the cornea before using a laser to reshape the underlying corneal tissue to correct refractive errors. This procedure is effective in treating myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Option B) Intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) is used to correct mild nearsightedness by inserting small, clear segments into the cornea, not by removing the epithelial layer and using a laser. Option C) Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) involves creating a flap in the cornea, reshaping the underlying tissue with a laser, and then repositioning the flap. It does not entail removing the epithelial layer like PRK. Option D) Conductive keratoplasty (CK) is a procedure used to correct presbyopia, not to remove the epithelial layer and correct refractive errors. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for healthcare professionals working in ophthalmology or optometry to ensure they recommend the most appropriate procedure for patients with specific refractive errors. Additionally, knowing the details of each procedure is essential for passing exams like the Adult Medical Surgical ATI, where pharmacological and procedural knowledge is tested to ensure safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a client with acoustic neuroma, the nurse would suspect symptoms such as altered facial sensation. This is because acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor that affects the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII), leading to symptoms such as facial numbness or altered sensation due to the proximity of the tumor to the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). Option A is correct because altered facial sensation is a common symptom of acoustic neuroma due to its impact on the cranial nerves in the area. Option B, vertigo only when standing, is incorrect because vertigo is a common symptom of acoustic neuroma regardless of the client's position. Option C, tinnitus in the unaffected ear, is incorrect as tinnitus typically occurs in the affected ear in cases of acoustic neuroma due to the pressure on the auditory nerve. Option D, impaired facial movement when smiling, is incorrect as impaired facial movement is more commonly associated with conditions affecting the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), not cranial nerve VIII as in the case of acoustic neuroma. Educational context: Understanding the specific symptoms associated with acoustic neuroma is crucial for nurses to effectively assess and care for clients with this condition. Recognizing these symptoms can lead to early detection and appropriate management, improving client outcomes and quality of care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C is the correct choice as it combines both A and B to effectively address the situation of a client denying a hearing impairment. Option A asks a direct question about the client's behavior related to hearing, prompting self-reflection on potential hearing issues. Option B points out a specific action (cupping the ear) that may indicate hearing difficulties, leading the client to consider their hearing status. Option A alone may not directly address the client's denial of a hearing impairment since it focuses on the client's behavior rather than their perception of their hearing ability. Option B, though pointing out a specific action, may not be strong enough to prompt a response about the hearing impairment denial. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of using targeted questioning techniques to encourage clients to reflect on their health status and potentially reconsider their denial of certain conditions. By combining direct inquiry and observation, healthcare providers can facilitate open communication and accurate assessment of clients' health needs.