What are classified as hydrocarbon poisons?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the classification of hydrocarbon poisons is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children. The correct answer, "All below," is the most comprehensive choice as gasoline, turpentine, and lighter fluid are all considered hydrocarbon poisons. Gasoline is a common household product that can be accidentally ingested by children, leading to serious health risks such as aspiration pneumonia. Turpentine, often found in paints and varnishes, can cause respiratory distress and central nervous system depression if ingested. Lighter fluid, used for igniting fires, can result in chemical burns and respiratory complications if swallowed. By selecting option A, students demonstrate their understanding of the diverse substances that fall under the category of hydrocarbon poisons. The incorrect options, B, C, and D, are single examples of hydrocarbon poisons and do not encompass the full range of substances that pose a risk to children if ingested or inhaled. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of recognizing common household toxins and highlights the need for vigilance in preventing pediatric poisonings. Nurses must be equipped with knowledge about different types of poisons to provide prompt and appropriate interventions in cases of exposure, emphasizing the significance of poison prevention education for families and caregivers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the school nurse to take when suspecting testicular torsion in a young adolescent student is to refer the adolescent for immediate medical evaluation (Option C). This is the correct choice because testicular torsion is a urological emergency that requires prompt assessment and intervention by a healthcare provider. Delay in treatment can lead to testicular ischemia and permanent damage if blood flow is not restored promptly. Option A, placing a warm moist pack on the scrotal area, is incorrect because heat application can worsen the condition by causing vasodilation and increasing the risk of tissue necrosis in testicular torsion. Option B, instructing the adolescent to lie down and elevate the legs, is incorrect as it does not address the urgency of the situation and the need for immediate medical evaluation. Option D, suggesting the adolescent wear a scrotum-protecting guard, is also incorrect as this does not address the underlying issue of testicular torsion and the need for urgent medical attention. Educationally, it is vital for healthcare providers, including school nurses, to recognize the signs and symptoms of testicular torsion and understand the importance of immediate referral for medical evaluation to prevent potential complications and preserve testicular function. This case underscores the significance of timely intervention in urological emergencies to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Demonstrate on a doll how the procedure will be done. This approach is best when preparing a toddler for a procedure because toddlers are in the preoperational stage of development according to Piaget's theory. In this stage, children learn through concrete experiences and use symbolic thinking. By demonstrating the procedure on a doll, the child can visually understand what will happen to them, easing their anxiety and fear. Option A) Avoid asking the child to make choices is incorrect because toddlers are at an age where they are developing autonomy and independence. Providing them with simple choices can help them feel a sense of control and reduce anxiety. Option B) Planning for a teaching session to last about 20 minutes is incorrect because toddlers have short attention spans and may not be able to focus for that long. Short, simple explanations and demonstrations are more effective for this age group. Option D) Showing the necessary equipment without allowing the child to handle it is incorrect because toddlers learn through touch and exploration. Allowing them to handle the equipment (under supervision) can help them familiarize themselves with it and reduce fear of the unknown.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The best approach by the nurse in this scenario is option C: Discuss with him how his body is always in the process of making blood. This response is the most appropriate because it addresses the child's fear of losing blood by providing education about the body's natural process of blood regeneration, which can help alleviate his concerns and anxiety. Option A (Explain that it will not be painful) is incorrect because it does not directly address the child's fear of losing blood, which is the primary issue at hand. Option B (Suggest to him that he not worry about losing just a little bit of blood) minimizes the child's feelings and does not provide adequate reassurance. Option D (Tell the child that he will not even need a Band-Aid afterward because it is a simple procedure) focuses on the aftermath of the procedure rather than addressing the child's fear beforehand. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to communicate effectively with pediatric patients to help them understand and cope with medical procedures. Providing age-appropriate explanations and reassurance can help build trust and cooperation with young patients, ultimately enhancing the quality of care provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Show the child the equipment to be used before the procedure. This option aligns with providing atraumatic care for the 6-year-old child undergoing a venipuncture. By showing the child the equipment beforehand, the nurse can help reduce anxiety, fear, and uncertainty, promoting a sense of trust and cooperation. Option A is incorrect because using an 18-gauge needle on a 6-year-old child may not be the most appropriate choice as it can cause unnecessary pain and discomfort. Opting for a smaller gauge needle would be more suitable for this age group. Option C is incorrect as attempting the procedure multiple times with the same nurse can lead to increased anxiety and distress for the child. It is important to minimize the number of attempts to prevent emotional trauma. Option D is incorrect as restraining the child completely can be traumatic, leading to feelings of fear and loss of control. Atraumatic care aims to minimize distress and promote a sense of safety and security for the child during procedures. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the principles of atraumatic care when working with pediatric patients. By providing care that is sensitive to the developmental and emotional needs of children, nurses can create a positive healthcare experience and build trust with both the child and their family. Incorporating strategies such as preparing the child for procedures, using age-appropriate equipment, and minimizing physical restraints are essential components of pediatric nursing care.