What are adventitious crises?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because adventitious crises are external events like natural disasters or crimes that trigger a crisis response. These crises are outside of an individual's control and can have a significant impact on their psychological well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe adventitious crises. Choice A refers to developmental crises, choice C refers to situational crises, and choice D refers to intrapsychic crises.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Suppression is a defense mechanism where disturbing feelings are constantly denied. This is because suppression involves pushing unwanted or distressing thoughts, feelings, or memories out of conscious awareness, without fully resolving them. By denying these disturbing feelings, individuals attempt to avoid dealing with them. This differs from other defense mechanisms: A (projection) involves attributing one's own unacceptable impulses to others, B (sublimation) involves channeling unacceptable impulses into constructive activities, and D (displacement) involves transferring emotions from the original source to a less threatening target.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Passive aggression involves expressing aggression indirectly and unassertively. This is the correct answer because passive-aggressive behavior aims to resist or oppose without directly confronting the issue. It often involves subtle forms of resistance or hostility. Choice A addresses meeting others' needs, not aggression. Choice B refers to sublimation, not passive aggression. Choice C describes denial, not passive aggression.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cognitive screening for dementia. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a widely used tool to assess cognitive function. It focuses on memory, attention, language, and visuospatial skills, which are crucial in detecting cognitive impairment and dementia. It does not assess physical health (B), emotional well-being (C), or diagnose schizophrenia (D), as those require different assessments or tools. The MMSE is specifically designed to evaluate cognitive abilities and screen for potential cognitive deficits, making it the appropriate choice in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because impulsive behavior is characterized by acting without thinking about consequences. Impulsive individuals often act on their immediate desires or emotions without considering the potential outcomes or risks involved. This behavior is typically spontaneous and lacks careful planning or consideration. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because impulsive behavior is not associated with careful planning, risk avoidance, or adherence to social norms. Instead, it is marked by a lack of forethought and consideration of consequences.